
###_Toc530972321

      

$$$image/osnov.jpg

      ,               , , , ,         ,   .             ,         ,     ,  ,         . 

###_Toc530972322

      
        
        ,
          ,
      ,    
        
         ,
        ,   
                   ,     ( ,       ),             "    ".  ,                  ,      " ".
      1.   "    " - ,  -,     ,    .
      2.        ,              ,   .
      3.           ,       "",       .           ,              .
      4.        ( , ,   ,  ) .   ,        ,       ,         . 
         99%    ,        ,        .     ?  :      .
        , ,    
      
* :       ,    ,   "",       ,     .   :   (,  "")     ;   (,  " ") ,     ,    ,   ,   ,     .
      
*    :   .
      
*  :  ,    -   ,    ,                .     ,   (     )       ,        : ". :  ,  ".
      
* :           .          ,     , ,   ,       . ,   . ,   ,    ,    .  .        ,    ,  . , . , .   . .  ,           ,    (. , . , . . )   (.  . ) .             , ,    .
       

###_Toc530972323

      

###_Toc530972324

       
      (Absenteeism)
           .

###_Toc530972325

      
      (Absorption)
      1.   , ,             .          ,        . 2. ,      ,      . , ,    - ,     . 

###_Toc530972326

       
      (Aval)
          ( )        .

###_Toc530972327

       
      (Troubleshooter)

      ,         .  ,       -   ,      . 

###_Toc530972328

        
      (Office Automation)
                ,     , ,     .            . ,   ? 

###_Toc530972329

          
      (CAPP - Computer Aided Process Planning)
                 . .           -      .

###_Toc530972330

          
      (CAD-CAM - Computer Aided Design & Computer Aided Manufacture)
          -          ,  ,     .              ,     .

###_Toc530972331

       
      (Autonomy)
       ,    ,       .    ,           .

###_Toc530972332

        
      (Off-Line)
      1.        . 2.     .    ,         ,      .

###_Toc530972333

         
      (Authoritarian Management)
        ,     ,     ,   "  ",    . .:  X.    .           .        .

###_Toc530972334

       
      (Agent)
      ,          ().     ,   -     . .      ,        ,    ,        .

###_Toc530972335

        
      (Change Agent)
            -"",        . -       ,   ( ).            . .:  . 

###_Toc530972336

         
      (Aggressive Pricing)
         ,        ,      -     .
      1.          ,         ,        " ". 2.               :      ,   . .:     "/".

###_Toc530972337

       
      (Administrators)
            ,   .

###_Toc530972338

       
      (Administration)
      1.  ,   ,   . 2.   "",     ,   , ,      ,   "" ,      ,       .

###_Toc530972339

       
      (Adhocracy)
        .   1968 .,        . .  ,  :  - ,     (,          ).       ,    , , ,         ,   ,  ,      .  -       ,         .       ,        ,   ,        .        ,        .
       .      : "                    ( );           "" ,       ,       ". 

###_Toc530972340

      
      (Letter of Credit)
      ,     .

###_Toc530972341

        
      (Active Learning)

                    .

###_Toc530972342

        
      (Active Stock)

      ,         ,       ,   .

###_Toc530972343

       
      (Assets)
      ,   ,  ,    ,          .      (    )     (,    ,      ).

###_Toc530972344

       
      (Actuary)

          ,   ,      .        ,           ,   ,    . 

###_Toc530972345

        
      (Actuarial Surplus)

      ,        (    ), . .     .    ,      -    ,     .

###_Toc530972346

      
      (Sharks)
      1.   "",   ""        . 2.   ,     .

###_Toc530972347

        
      (Accepting House)
         .       ,    -   .

###_Toc530972348

       
      (Shares)
       ,   ,             .                  .      (  )   .           (    ).    ,      .

###_Toc530972349

           
      (No par Value Shares)
       ,    .    .

###_Toc530972350

       " " 
      (Ambulance Stocks)
       ,     ,     .   ""     ,         .  " "      ,    "". 

###_Toc530972351

        
      ("A" Shares) 
      ,      ,      (    )   .   .

###_Toc530972352

        B 
      ("B" Shares)

      ,          (   ,   ).

###_Toc530972353

       ,  
      (Shareholder Value, Shareholder Wealth)

             ""  ,    ,        , , : "   "  "    ".        , ,          .  ,       ,       ". 

###_Toc530972354

        
      (Share Capital)
      1.    ,          (). 2.       .

###_Toc530972355

       
      (Shareholders)
      ,  .     . .:      .

###_Toc530972356

       
      (Algorithm)
            .     ,         . 

###_Toc530972357

       
      (Avarice)
      , " " (. ).

###_Toc530972358

        
      (Opportunity Cost)

      ,       .   (. )  ,   ,          ( ,  -    ).   -      ,   ,      ,     (  ),            .         ,        .      ,  ,           : "   ?"

###_Toc530972359

        
      (Alternate Director)
        ,    -    . 

###_Toc530972360

      - 
      (Alpha Stock)
         " ". - -   ;       .

###_Toc530972361

      -,  
      (Alpha Coefficient, Alpha)
      .:     .

###_Toc530972362

       
      (Alliance)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972363

       
      (Amalgamation)
       ,  .

###_Toc530972364

        
      (Do'nut, Doughnut, Inverted American)
       ,     ,    ,   . .   ""        .  -        ;   - ,    ,   ,     . -       .        ,        ,  . ,  ,         .      .

###_Toc530972365

        
      (ADR - American Depositry Receipt)
       ,   ,         .                .

###_Toc530972366

       
      (Amortization)
       ,       .  ,    ,   ""    .

###_Toc530972367

       
      (Analysis)
          ,      . ,      ,  : "   ,      ".

###_Toc530972368

        
      (Break-even Analysis)
           ,   ,  ,   ,   , . .     ,          .    ,  ,              ,       .
         . 1 ,      $ 140 000,     $ 4000   .   ,  200    (          )   $ 80 000,    - $ 220 000.      (  )  $10 000, ,    $ 200 000 (     ).      233-234  .   233     $ 200 ( $ 233 000,    $ 233 200),   234 -   $ 400 ( $ 234 000,    $ 233 600).
      

$$$image/1.jpg


      
. 1  
              . ,   ,    233    $ 10 000,    ,     $ 7950.         360  .  ,  :  360    $ 7950  234   $ 10 000  ?  ,   /    / ? (,   ,   .)     ,      ,              .
              .               ,           ,    ,        (,      ).          , ,   ,      ,        . .:  .

###_Toc530972369

         
      (Funds Flow Analysis)
                     .

###_Toc530972370

        
      (Incremental Analysis)
          ,        , -     . .:  ,       .

###_Toc530972371

       "-" 
      (CBA - Cost-benefit Analysis)

          (  ),           .        ,        .             .
         "-" () -       ,    () . ,           ,         ,         ,     .      . (.:   )  ,         ,      .     ,     "-",        . 
            ,        .       ,     , ,  ,     .        , ,  ,       ,      .

###_Toc530972372

         
      (CPA -Critical Path Analysis)

       ,       (,   ).  ,        ,    ,        ,   ()    .            . 

###_Toc530972373

        
      (Ratio Analysis)
          . 

###_Toc530972374

         
      (Job Analysis)
               .

###_Toc530972375

        
      (Gap Analysis)
      1.    "  ":       ,        . 2.         , . .   ""   . 3.  ,            .

###_Toc530972376

        
      (Risk Analysis)

           , ,       ,      ,     .

###_Toc530972377

        ( ) 
      (Trend Analysis)
        ,                .  .

###_Toc530972378

          
      (OVA - Overhead Value Analysis)
          ,          ,  ,     .   -.

###_Toc530972379

         
      (AVA - Activity Value Analysis)
        ,    ,      .   -.

###_Toc530972380

        
      (Sensitivity Analysis)
         (   )     .         ,        . 

###_Toc530972381

        
      (Swot Analysis)
         .             (strengths)   (weaknesses)  ,      (opportunities)   (threats).      ,  ,    .             ,       (   ),   ,      ,       .               ,    ,         ,  -,        .        .              (       )        (  ).  ,      .         ,       :   -     . .:  "/", .

###_Toc530972382

       
      (Analyst)
      1.     "", ""   ,  ,     .   ,   (    / )      ,      . ,      "". 2. ,   ,   . .:  2 . 

###_Toc530972383

       () 
      (Underwtriter)
      1.  ,     ,          .             ,     ,       . 2.  ,      .

###_Toc530972384

       
      (Annuitant)
      .: .

###_Toc530972385

       
      (Annuity)
      .: .

###_Toc530972386

      ,  (. 1918) 
      (Ansoff, H. Igor)
         , ,       ,   " " (Corporate Strategy, 1965),  ,       ,   ,         (  ). .      ,    ,      (  ,     ),      .        ,      :   ,           ,          , ,   ,            .    " "       . ,  ,       , , ,        . 
      , ,  " " -   .        .         ,          -     -  .           161-166  (    191).   ,    ,         ,    ,    ,  ,    .   -          .

       1965 . .       .  . ,    ,       (. ,  (. 1918).   . - .: , 1999). 

###_Toc530972387

        
      (Anti-dumping)

          (  ),         ,     .        ,       ,          ,                  .     "",   ,            .

###_Toc530972388

        
      (Anti-trust)
        ,       (1890),            .             .          ,     ,      .

###_Toc530972389

       
      (Apollo)
           . ,   1978 .           .   " "      .    -             .               ,   ,   .        ,     . 
              ,   . ,   ,     .  , ,     ,      .            ,      ,        .     ,   ,          ,    .
           , ,   ,  .  ,         ,         .        ,    -     ,   ,      .     ,     .

###_Toc530972390

        
      (Product Champion)
      ,       (     ),      ,        .  (  ) .    "Sony Walkman"    Sony  ,    ,      ,       . 

###_Toc530972391

       
      (Arbitration)
                 ,       ().

###_Toc530972392

       
      (Arbitrageur)
        ; ,      ,       .    ,                  (  ) .        .      "".           ,  ,  ,   1980- . ,    " ",   ,     ,        ,  ""         .

###_Toc530972393

       
      (Arbitrage)
      1.  ,            (   - )      ,     ,    .     ,        :               .      ,      ,        . 2.         ,         .       ,          ,  ,      .      ,     .   ,    ,     ,           .

###_Toc530972394

       
      (Lease)
          ()      .

###_Toc530972395

       
      (Lessee)
       ,    - .

###_Toc530972396

       
      (Lessor)
       ,      - . 

###_Toc530972397

      ,  (. 1923) 
      (Argyris, Chris)
         .               .         ;    .   .

###_Toc530972398

       
      (Artefacts)
         , , ,   .

###_Toc530972399

        
      (Unsocial Hours)
         .

###_Toc530972400

       
      (Range)
             . 

###_Toc530972401

         
      (Product Width)
       :  ,  2.

###_Toc530972402

       ,  
      (Associated Company, Associated Undertaking, Associate)
      ,  ,           ( ,    ).       20-49%  ,    ,      ,       .

###_Toc530972403

       
      (Audit)
      1.       (),    ,         . 2.       -   ,      . .:   ,     .

###_Toc530972404

         
      (Human Resources Audit)
              ,    ,    ,        . 

###_Toc530972405

        
      (Audit Trail)
      1. -,        (,  ,  ),           . 2. -,     " "     ,       . ,     ,       ,     .

###_Toc530972406

       
      (Athena)
            . , ,  -,    ,       .  -          ; ,  ,     ,   ,   .          ,     ,    (  )      .         ,    .
           ,     ,  ,   ,       ,     .      ,  ,   ,          . .: ,      .

###_Toc530972407

        
      (Affiliate)
      1. ,     ,    ,   "". 2. ,   ,   ,   . 

###_Toc530972408

      

###_Toc530972409

        
      (Database)
           ,           . .:    .

###_Toc530972410

         
      (Basis Price of Option)
      ,      ()       (   ).     ( "")         ,      ( "")          .  :      .

###_Toc530972411

        
      (Basis Point)

          . ,      3,5%     3,99%  49   (99   50 ).

###_Toc530972412

         
      (Benchmark Government Bonds)
       ,       .    ;          . 

###_Toc530972413

       
      (Byte)
          ,    .

###_Toc530972414

        
      (Balance Sheet)
                .   -  ,        ,       (,      ).       ,     ,       ,         .   -           .  . 1    . 
      

$$$image/t1.jpg

        (  $ 4,2 ) - ,        , :        ,   .   -  ,        :  ,  ,    .    (  ) -      .       $ 6,653 .   - ,       : ,     .   - ,      (    ).        ,    ,      $ 2,148 .         ()     (   ).    ($ 250 .)        () ,    ($ 1,898 )              .         . 2.
      

$$$image/2.jpg

      
. 2.   ( )

###_Toc530972415

        
      (Book Value)
       ,     .         .

###_Toc530972416

       
      (Bananagram)
         "/",          ,  .

###_Toc530972417

        
      (Databank)
       ,    . 

###_Toc530972418

          
      (Satellite Banking)
        ,       -,    .

###_Toc530972419

        
      (Talent Bank)
      ,            ,            (,  -  ). ,   ,  "  "    " "  " ". 

###_Toc530972420

        
      (Banker's Draft)
      ,    ,    ,    .     ,      .          .                .

###_Toc530972421

          
      (Home Banking)
          ,    .

###_Toc530972422

        
      (Consortium Bank)
      ,      (. .   ),            . ,  1970- .       .       ,         .

###_Toc530972423

       
      (ATM - Automatic Teller Machine)
        ,    "  ".

###_Toc530972424

       
      (Bankroll)
       .

###_Toc530972425

       
      (Bankrupt)
      .: .

###_Toc530972426

       
      (Bankruptcy)
            ()     .          .

###_Toc530972427

      -   
      (Bellweather)
      ,    (   )      ,     ().

###_Toc530972428

       
      (Barons)
            ;  ,     .    -               "".   -    ,         .      " ". .:   . 

###_Toc530972429

       
      (Barter)
            ,      .

###_Toc530972430

        
      (Barriers to Entry, Entry Barriers)
      ,            -.          ,           ,  .          ,    ,          .          (. 2).

###_Toc530972431

         
      (Barriers to Exit)
      ,    ,                ,         .
      
 2.   
      

$$$image/t2_1.jpg

      

$$$image/t2_2.jpg

      

$$$image/t2_3.jpg

             ,    (. . 3).        ,     -   .
      
 3.   
      

$$$image/t3_1.jpg

      

$$$image/t3_2.jpg


###_Toc530972432

      ,  
      (Bower, Marvin)
         ;        (1940- .)  .  . ,  ,     . .    ;      ,    :       (         - " ")      , , , .  . , ,       ,        :         . .  ,              ,   .   , ,      "" .    ,      ,   . . ,    ,              .            ,    , .                    -.  ,     ,  ""  ,            . .: .

###_Toc530972433

       
      (Run)
           .

###_Toc530972434

        
      (Capital Flignt, Flight Capital)
      ,       ,        . 

###_Toc530972435

      "" 
      (Ungeared)
      ,   . ""     ,           . 

###_Toc530972436

       
      (Unconditional)
              .     ,  ,      ( 90%)      .    ,          ,       .  ,      .

###_Toc530972437

        
      Bayesian Probability)
      ,  200   . ,          .       ,        ,      .

###_Toc530972438

       . . 
      (Belbin R. M.)
          ,     ,       " " (Management Teams, 1981),   :
      1. ,        ,       ,     "  ".
      2.  ,     ,  ,        . 
       - , ,    ,    ,    .
       - , , ,     .
       -    .     ,          ,  .
       - ,    ; ,     ,        ,        .
       -  ;    ,        ;   .
       -  ,      .
        - ,      , , ,      .
       -   ,       ,    ,       . 

###_Toc530972439

      " " 
      (White Collar)
        ,   ""  ().  .

###_Toc530972440

        
      (White Goods)
       ,  " ", -  , ,  ,  . :  .

###_Toc530972441

        
      (White Knight)
       ,     ,     -,     .   -  ,   - "",   ,      " "   ,   ""   .         "",        (        ).

###_Toc530972442

        
      (Benefiial Interest)
        , ,          .

###_Toc530972443

       
      (Promiscuity)
         ,          .   ,           .       ,  -,    ,       . 

###_Toc530972444

      - 
      (Beta Coefficient)
      .:     .

###_Toc530972445

       
      (Business)
      ,        (). 

###_Toc530972446

         
      (Business to Buisiness) 
         ,      ,   .

###_Toc530972447

       
      (Businessmanship)
              .       ():     (  );          ;             ;     ,    , ,    ;      ,   .  ,  - ,   ,         .      ,      .  -   ,       ,  ,  ,       -  .

###_Toc530972448

       
      (Businessing)
      ,    (1992),          ,   ,   (  )     .           .

###_Toc530972449

      - 
      (Business Unit)
                .       -.

###_Toc530972450

      - 
      (Business Park)
          ,   ,        .         .     .

###_Toc530972451

      - 
      (Business Plan)
      ,          3-5 ,  (  - )    : 
        ,    (   )     ; 
           ;
         ,             (   ); 
          (       ); 
      ,      3-5 :  ,  ,  ,    ,  ,   ; 
           ,   ,   " " (    ),      .
       - -     ,    (   ),        .             .     - -   ,       ,   ,    .    -      (   ),             .

###_Toc530972452

      - 
      (Business Segment)
           ,        . -     ,     ,       -   . - -  ,   ,         .    -      ,         (   ). ,  ,  Ferrari    ,         ,         . ,         -     ,     "" ,     "-". , ,    ,       -,                . ,     . .: .

###_Toc530972453

        
      (Bimodal Distribution)
        ,   . ,               $ 6      $ 9.

###_Toc530972454

       
      (Biotechnology)
           ,          ,            .         .             ,  , , ,     .           .  -  ,      ,  ,     ,         .         . ,         ,     ,         ,     . , ,         ,      .

###_Toc530972455

        
      (Quoted Price)
             , . .       .     ,    (  )   .

###_Toc530972456

        
      (Bargain)
        .

###_Toc530972457

        
      (Stag)
      ,                     .

###_Toc530972458

       
      (Bit)
         .     .

###_Toc530972459

       (  ) 
      (BCG - The Boston Consulting Group) 
         .  (1964)   ,     30         .       1967-1973 .,       ( "/ ")   .      ,      .          ,        .   ,   .            . , . , .   . . .: ,  (1915-1992),     .

###_Toc530972460

       
      (Relatedness)
                    .

###_Toc530972461

      - 
      (Flowchart)
         ,          .

###_Toc530972462

        
      (Gods of Management)
         ,  .      . ,  -   ,       . .:  (,   ),  ( ),  ( )   ( ).

###_Toc530972463

      " " 
      (Customised, Customising)
              .

###_Toc530972464

        
      (Side Deal)
          ,      ,   .

###_Toc5309724641

       ()  
      (Lateral Thinking)
        ,  ,  ,       ,      .   1967 . .  ,            .

###_Toc530972465

        
      (Big Bang)

      " "  ,      .     27  1986 . -     .

###_Toc530972466

         
      (Mothballing)
        (  )     .

###_Toc530972467

          
      (Proxy Fight)
         .     ,                                  .  1980- .          ,     .        (,   ,  ,     ""   )     .      ,        .       .

###_Toc530972468

         
      (BCG - The Boston Consultintg Group)
      .: .

###_Toc530972469

       
      (Broker)
      ,  -   .

###_Toc530972470

        
      (Junk Bond)
          .               .        (       Drexel Burnham     )    . .   ,         ,        .         ,    ,      ,    .  , .                .  , .   ,       "-".

###_Toc530972471

         
      (Scrip Issue)
                       .   ,        ,      .          (  "  "),       ,       ,  .

###_Toc530972472

       
      (Bundesbank)
          ;  .

###_Toc530972473

        
      (FV - Future Value)
          ,       . 

###_Toc530972474

        / 
      (Forward /)
      .:   P/E.

###_Toc530972475

       
      (Paper)
           ( ).

###_Toc530972476

       ( )
      (Boutique)
        .         .

###_Toc530972477

      " " 
      (Bottleneck)
       ,    ,       . ,                 ,  ,      " "   .       -   ,     -          ,       (       ). ,    " "    ,                .   " " (  ) -           ,    . 

###_Toc530972478

        
      (Buffer Stock)
         ,     ,     . .: " ".

###_Toc530972479

          
      (Management Accounting)
             . 

###_Toc530972480

       
      (Bulls)
        ,      . ,     ,  .

###_Toc530972481

        
      (Quick Assets)
      .:  . 

###_Toc530972482

       () 
      (Smart)
      , .     . 

###_Toc530972483

      ,  (. 1925) 
      (Bennis, Warren)
      ,   ,   -.  ,    ,         .     .   ".     " (Leaders: the Strategies for Taking Charge, 1985), .      90 -     ,        :
       "",           ;
      ,     ,    , " ";
         ,  "   ,   ,  ,    ";
      ,         ,  ,   .
      .    ,       :            .  .   ,    ,         ,    .

###_Toc530972484

       
      (Budget)
          ,              .   -   .         "  ",     - ,    .      (    )  ,       (          ).           ,  ,  -   " ",      ,   , .     ""              , ,       ,      ,       ,        . 
       ,     ,     (, "  "),     .     -   ,   .        ,          .

###_Toc530972485

        
      (Capex Budget)
               .

###_Toc530972486

        
      (Fiscal Year)
       ,      (     , ,        ).            .

###_Toc530972487

        () 
      (Budgeting)
        .

###_Toc530972488

       
      (Bureucracy)
           ,       ""  ,          ,       .     - ""         .
         "" (  ,    . )     -  -.    ,             .     ""    ,   (   )      . 
        -   , ,   ""      ,     ,   .  ,       ,  - ,       .   ,      -   -,       . 
      . .

###_Toc530972489

      

###_Toc530972490

        
      (Gross Margin)
            .

###_Toc530972491

        
      (Gross Profit)
            .

###_Toc530972492

        
      (Gross Profit)
           .

###_Toc530972493

        
      (Gross Assets)
           .

###_Toc530972494

        
      (Gross Dividend)
         .

###_Toc530972495

        
      (Exchange Control)
      ,           .  " "    .

###_Toc530972496

        
      (Exchange Rate Exposure)
            .

###_Toc530972497

           
      (Brand Vandalism)
       ,                    .

###_Toc530972498

       
      (Vanilla)
       ,   ""  "". .:  .

###_Toc530972499

        
      (Exit Route)
         ""    ,         .    -     (      )         .       ,       .        ,        ,   .   ,    ,         .        ,        ,           .                  .            ,                   .

###_Toc530972500

          
      (Variant Process Planning)
             .        ,          .

###_Toc530972501

       
      (Warrant)
           ,      (   )     .    ,       ,    , . .   "",      -          .  -   ,     ,      .      ,              5-10%.

###_Toc530972502

       
      (Voucher)
        ,      . 

###_Toc530972503

         
      (Induction)
             .

###_Toc530972504

      "  " 
      (Upstream)
          ,  ; ,      ,    . .:   .

###_Toc530972505

        
      (Input)
      1. ,       . 2.   :    (, , )    .

###_Toc530972506

      -,      
      ( Analysis, Activity-based Costing)
         ,     ,      .       ,        . , ,     ,        .          ,    .              ,    ,                               . -    ,               .
      - ""  : 
              ( ,            ).          ,         . ,      ,     ,     . 
               (,    ,   ).
                   . 
      -          ,          ,       .          ,      -,    ,        . -       ,     ,      ,          ,    .

###_Toc530972507

      " "
      (In the Money)
          ""  "",    , . .     .

###_Toc530972508

      ,  (1864-1920)
       (Weber, Max) 
       ,       (  ) ,         :   ,    ,   ,   .           ,        .       "" ,  .      : -,  "" ,     ,       (   ), , -,  ,      (,  . ), ,     ,        . ( .        ,   "",        .) .   :          ""       .          ,    .   " "        ,    .     . ,   ,   ,       .
      .   ,       25  75 .        ,         . -,    ,    , ""    .      ,      ,      . -,   ,  ,  ,          ,     .  -, .      ,         .  .  ,    ,      " "     .

###_Toc530972509

          
      (Time Sheet)

       ,   ,      ,          ""  . 

###_Toc530972510

        
      (Order Quantity)
         -       .         .

###_Toc530972511

        
      (VC -Venture Capital)
              ,     ()        .  ,       "  "     .    ,       ,      ,          .       ,          .    ,       (,  , ),    (  $ 1,5   $ 65 )       .
          , ,   ,  "   " (   )    35%.                   (.    ).   ,      ,         ,      ,    .         .    ,        35%        ,       .        2  4 ,              .
      " "    .  ,  "   ".  ,      ,        (   ,            ,   ).   ,         ,         ,   ,         10:1  .        ,    ( ),   ,      . 

###_Toc530972512

       
      (Venture Capitalist)
       ,   ,   ,            (    ).                 ,       ,   .       ,          (       ). .:  .

###_Toc530972513

        
      (Vertical Integration)
              ,            .       ( )   );         .

###_Toc530972514

         
      (VMS - Vertical Marketing System)
      ,                 .

###_Toc530972515

       
      (Probability)
      1.      .    ,     0,0  1,0,   ,    ,   -    .  0,54 ,          54%.         :     (2-1)   0,33,    (1-4) -  0,80.  ,          ,  . 2.   ,   -  .

###_Toc530972516

         
      (Upmarket, Up Market)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972517

        
      (Fashion)

                 ,   :      ,   ,    ,         .     . 

###_Toc530972518

        
      (Reciprocity)
        .

###_Toc530972519

        
      (Mutual Fund)
        ,       , . .  ,         .

###_Toc530972520

       
      (Interdependence)
            ,   ,  -  . , "   "     " " ( )  ,  ,          .   , "   "      " ".        ,     ,    :             .       ,       (,       ""  )      .   ,        .  ,  0   ,     .

###_Toc530972521

        
      (ILE - Inter-linked Economy)
      ,  .   "  ",   ,     (). ,       " " (, , ).   () -   ,   ,        (    ,        ).   -  ,    ;          . .: ,     .

###_Toc530972522

       -   
      (Time off in Lieu)

          ,    .

###_Toc530972523

      "" 
      (Churn)
          .

###_Toc530972524

       ,   
      (Garbage in, Garbage out)

      , ,  ,     ,    ,       .

###_Toc530972525

       ,   
      (FIFO - First in, First out)
      1.   ,        .      :  ,   -     ,      . 2.            ,      (    ):  ,  .

###_Toc530972526

       ,   
      (LIFO - Last in, First out)
      1.    ,           ,       , ,    ,  . 2.           :    , , , . 

###_Toc530972527

      " " 
      (In Play)
      ,  , , ,       .  ,   " ",    ,    ,        ,     "" ,     ,       - .      ,  " ",     . ,   Cadbury Schweppes    General Cinema,  Cadbury    . .:     ,    ,     " " . 

###_Toc530972528

       
      (Widget)
         . 

###_Toc530972529

        
      (Activities)
      ,   -,     ,   ,  ,    ,  -,   . 

###_Toc530972530

        
      (Virtual Corporation)

      ,    , . .           .

###_Toc530972531

        
      (Virtual Reality)
        (    ),             ,       .    .                    CAD/CAM. .: . 

###_Toc530972532

          
      (Corporat Virtual Workspace)
       ,         .        /                .    ,           ,       ,       ;   ,     .  ,      . .:    .

###_Toc530972533

      - 
      (Vice resident)

              ;        .

###_Toc530972534

        
      (Cum Div)
      ,        ( ,    ). :  . 

###_Toc530972535

      - 
      (Beneficial Owner)

       "" ()  ,    ,      .

###_Toc530972536

       
      (Power)

                .    ,        ,        .  ,        , - . .

###_Toc530972537

         
      (OTC - Over the Counter - Market)
         ""  ,     " ".      .

###_Toc530972538

         
      (Unlisted Shares, Unlisted Securities)

      ,         ,  .

###_Toc530972539

        
      (Funding)
                    .         :    ,         .

###_Toc530972540

        
      (External Funds)
      ,     :    (    ),       ().             ,   -   .

###_Toc530972541

        
      (Outworker)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972542

        
      (External Growth)
        ,          ""      . .: . 

###_Toc530972543

          
      (Outside Director)
              ,           .            -  ,      .    " ". .:      .

###_Toc530972544

         
      (Downstream)
      ,         ,     (  ).         " "   -     . ,   Shell     ,   ""  "". ,      ,                   . 

###_Toc530972545

        
      (Internal Funds)
       ,     . :  .

###_Toc530972546

        
      (Internal Audit)

               ,      ,    ,        ,    ,     .

###_Toc530972547

        
      (Inner Cabinet)
       ,      . .:   . 

###_Toc530972548

         
      (Intrpreneurial Group)
        ,                   .

###_Toc530972549

         
      (Internal Rate of Return - IRR) 
       ,     ,   . ,    $1 000,        $20 000.       (  )?     35%,  (  )    ,     .       , ,     -,     .     ,        -   .     -    ,          ,      .

###_Toc530972550

       
      (Claw Back)
          , ,  ,           ,          .

###_Toc530972551

        
      (Written Back)
        :      ,    ,     .

###_Toc530972552

      
      (Indemnity)
           .

###_Toc530972553

       
      (Emoluments)
                    .

###_Toc530972554

       
      (Reward)
         ,    .              ,   , -  (compensation).

###_Toc530972555

        
      (Renewable Resource)

       ,     ,    . 

###_Toc530972556

       
      (Contrarian)

      ,    . ,  ,   ,  .     ,  ,       .

###_Toc530972557

      " " 
      (Question Mark)
        - (    1,0)  -,    (    10%  ).         .          :      .           ,     ,   "" (,        ),    "  "?   ,      / ( " /"),    ,      ,  " "         .     (   ,        ) -     , " "   ,         .    (    ),          ,     " "  "". 
       ,    ,                 . , ,       ,      .  ,      , , ,     "   ", , ,    .   "",        :  ,         ,        ,    ,    .     ,     ?   ,      "".      ?     ?     ?       ? 
       "",    , ,     " "  ""    .    ,   ,      "".   - ,      .    ,           ,       . .:  .

###_Toc530972558

        
      (Recovery Stock)
      ,     ,  ,    ,   ,         .

###_Toc530972559

       
      (Barony)
       .

###_Toc530972560

        
      (Hostile Bid)
       -     ,     ,       ""    .         !     . ,     Sears.     "  "       ,          . 

###_Toc530972561

        
      (Temporary Work)
           , , ,  ,      . .  ,            . .: -.

###_Toc530972562

          
      (Time - Span of Discretion)
         .    1960- . , ,    (   )         . ,     , . ,    .    ,          ,              .

###_Toc530972563

        
      (Time-Series)
      ,    . 

###_Toc530972564

        
      (Turnaround Time)
           ,      "".   - ,            -  . ,         (   ,     ).

###_Toc530972565

        
      (Waiting Time)
      .:  (1).

###_Toc530972566

            
      (Time to Market)
      ,   ,      , . . ,    ,    ,     .   ,     . .: ,   .

###_Toc530972567

         
      (Lead Time)

            .          . 

###_Toc530972568

       ()   
      (Global Brand)
              ,  Coca-Cola, Levis, Walt Disney  McDonald's,       "   "  .  ,    .  ,  ,       ,  ,    ?

###_Toc530972569

       ()  
      (Global Product)
          .        . . :  .

###_Toc530972570

      "    " 
      (One-Stop Shopping)
          ,        .    Saatchi & Saatchi    :   , ,  .     ,        .         .  .   ,  "     ",    .     "  "    ,   ,  .

###_Toc530972571

        
      (Indirect Materials)

       ,    ,        .      . 

###_Toc530972572

       
      (Indirect Labor)
           .

###_Toc530972573

        
      (Trade-in)
                     .

###_Toc530972574

        
      (Second Mortgage)
      ,  ,    .

###_Toc530972575

         
      (Secondary Brand)
       ,    ,        .            ,              . 

###_Toc530972576

      "  " 
      (Triple Witching Hour)

       ,           ,        .    ""      .

###_Toc530972577

         
      (Log on)
             .

###_Toc530972578

         
      (Market Entry)
               .

###_Toc530972579

          
      (Earnout)
      ,           .  ,        ,       .   ,     .

###_Toc530972580

        
      (Trade-off)

                  . ,    ,                    .

###_Toc530972581

         
      (Market Targeting)
            , . .          .          -, . .           -  -. 

###_Toc530972582

       
      (Sample)
        (  - )       .        .

###_Toc530972583

        
      (Surrender Value)
      ,        (     ).

###_Toc530972584

         
      (Trusteeship)
      ,      ,    ,   -       (    John Lewis).

###_Toc530972585

         
      (Market Performance)

         ,    .

###_Toc530972586

       
      (Contribution)
        :       .    ,     .          ,    ,  , ,         ,     .             ,         ,         . 

###_Toc530972587

       
      (Revenue)
      1.   ,  ( ,   )      ,    .    ""      , ,    . 2.    ,     ,      ,  .     .

###_Toc530972588

        
      (Shares Issue)
        .         .       . 

###_Toc530972589

      ""  
      (Tall Organisation)
       "" .          ,         .

###_Toc530972590

        
      (High-tech)
         ,      ,          .

###_Toc5309725901

        
      (HNWI -High Net Worth Individual)
         -  .

###_Toc530972591

      " " 
      (Cherry-picking)
              (/ ,    ).       " ",     ,      .

###_Toc530972592

       
      (Exit)
      1.       . 2.   . 3.         . .:  .

###_Toc530972593

        
      (Exit Interview)
        ,   ,     .

###_Toc530972594

        
      (Exit Barriers)
      C.:   .

###_Toc530972595

         ,      
      (Capital Allowance)
         ,         .

###_Toc530972596

        
      (Soft Option)
        .

###_Toc530972597

        
      (Thin Market)
        ( ),           .  ,   "".

###_Toc530972598

      

###_Toc530972599

       
      (Gambare)

       ,     ,   .

###_Toc530972600

      
       (Underwtriter)
      .: .

###_Toc530972601

        
      (Back-to-Back Loan)
      1. ,     ,     . 2. ,      ,       . 

###_Toc530972602

       
      (Genba)
        "", ,    .

###_Toc530972603

       
      (Plant)
            . .  -  ,      ,          . 

###_Toc530972604

          
      (Generative Process Planning)
                   .       ,           , , .

###_Toc530972605

      ,  (. 1923) 
      (Herzberg, Frederick)
       -,       .  Harvard Business Review         " :    ?" (One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?, 1968) -   ""      . .  ,     ,                 .      , ,   ,        . .         .       ,       ,           .   . .  ,  . ,   ,       Michelin    ,       .    ""    " "        :    . .           .

###_Toc530972606

       
      (Gestalt)
       ,       , , ,   . 

###_Toc530972607

          
      (Disjointed Imcrementalism)
        ( ) ,    "        ".   .  (. 1917).  ,  "   ", ,   ,    ,    ,    .

###_Toc530972608

        
      (Floppy Disk)
           .

###_Toc530972609

      
       (Hybrid)
      .      .      .

###_Toc530972610

        
      (Hybrid Organisation)
      ,     ,    , ,    . ,               ,                ,     ,         . 

###_Toc530972611

        
      (Hybrid Technologies)
       ,   ,      ""  ""        . , ,         "" -, -, ,    . .:  . 

###_Toc530972612

        
      (Hybrid Manager)

      ,      .     "".

###_Toc530972613

        
      (Hygiene Factors)
         - "  ". .       ,      (  ).    ,   ,  .     .    ,  ,      ,            ,        ,     ,     ( )      .

###_Toc530972614

        
      (Flexilife)
       . ,      " ":  , ,      ,   ,        . .:   (3).

###_Toc530972615

         
      FMS - Flexible Manufacturing System)
        ,       .            ;          ,         .        ,    .       ;  -   ,  ,           . .:    .

###_Toc530972616

        
      (Flexible Benefits)

           ,        (  ).        , ,       . ,              ,          .                    .       ,         ,    . 

###_Toc530972617

         
      (Flexitim)
      ,    (  )     ,          (  )       .              . 

###_Toc530972618

         
      (Efficient Market ypothesis)
         , , ,  , ,               , , ,        .          ,   ,       .     . ,   ,       ?      40 ,       " "      - . ,          ,   ,     . ,   ,       ,  ,  ""    . 

###_Toc530972619

        
      (Notional Interest)
       ,     ,       ,   .        .

###_Toc530972620

       
      (Histogram)
      ,    .

###_Toc530972621

        
      (Ledger)
          ,    .     :   (   ),   (  ),  ,   (     ),   (     )     (  ). 

###_Toc530972622

         
      (CEO - Chief Executive Officer)
           ,   ,              (       - -),       "" ("officer").        -  "",        -,   "",               "" .  "" ,      ,        . .: ,    ,        .

###_Toc530972623

       
      (Globalisation, Globalization)
      1.            ,       . 2.        .          ,            ,          , , , ,    .                 ;      ,   ,   (   )      .     :        (    ,  ,     ,   ),      ""         , . .    .       ,  -   ,     ,    ,      .     .  1987-1992 .      35% (  $ 776 ),           $ 692 .       :         -    .  ,   . , ,    ,           , ,   . .:  ,  ,  ,     . 3.        (   -,      . .) 24   

###_Toc530972624

        
      (Global Localisation)
        Sony,            "  ".      ,    ,     "".       ,      ,  . ,  Coca-Cola         ,        ,     .        ,       .

###_Toc530972625

        
      (Glocalisation of Organisatioins)
         " ",   ,   .    ,        ,          .  ,      ,   "" .      ,   ,    ,  .   ,    ,    (    20%).          ,           .        ,       ,      ,      ,          .

###_Toc530972626

        
      (Heartland)
             /  ,   . 

###_Toc530972627

        
      (Profit for the Year)
       ,     (  ,  ,       ).         ,  -    . 

###_Toc530972628

         
      (Twelve Month Moving Average)
               . .:    -Z.

###_Toc530972629

        
      (Dutch Disease)
             ,                      .        ,           .           . .:   . 

###_Toc530972630

         
      (Head and Shoulders)
        ,  ,   "  ",     .         ( ),     ( ),    , ,  ,    (),       ( ) , ,    ( ).   ,     (  ),    .   ,     "".

###_Toc530972631

        
      (Head Office)
          ?   " "  ,    (. . "-",    ),   -    .   ,   " "   ,    ,       -  . .:  .

###_Toc530972632

         
       (Head Office, Demise of)
        ,  . ,  ,        ,     ,       .                   ,       . ,    ,       .       ,     ,         .

###_Toc530972633

         
      (SOV - Share of Voice)
               .

###_Toc530972634

        
      (Horizontal Integration)
                ,         .       ,    . , ,   ,      .     "   ". 

###_Toc530972635

        
      (Horizontal Tracking)
      ,   ,         ,   : . .           "",    ""     .              "" .

###_Toc530972636

        
      (Horizontal Technologies)
          ,    , , , ,    . .:  . 

###_Toc530972637

        
      (City Bank)
            .

###_Toc530972638

        
      (Hot Money)
      "" ,           .

###_Toc530972639

        
       (Hot Desking)
      ,                 (   IBM).

###_Toc530972640

       
      (Ramp)
       ,     .

###_Toc530972641

       
      (Scope)
            .

###_Toc530972642

        
      (Gantt Chart)

      ,     :  -    ,  - . 

###_Toc530972643

       " " 
      (Fishbone Chart)
        ,      (  )   .

###_Toc530972644

        
      (Activity Chart)
        ,      ,    : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4)  ; (5) .        .

###_Toc530972645

        
      (Flowchart)
      ,         .

###_Toc530972646

       
      (Graphology)
       ,               . 

###_Toc530972647

        
      (Comb Analysis)

                   ,    . ,  -   ,      . , , ,     ,  -,   ,           . 
            ,      . -,   ,          . ,         ""      (. 3).        .
      

$$$image/3.jpg

      
. 3. "" :   
              ,         ?  -       .   ,     -        Gertrude Textiles (    ,   ).  ""    . 4.
      

$$$image/4.jpg

      
. 4. "" :       Gertrude Textiles      
      Gertrude Textiles    ""       .  ,  ,   ""  (. .    ,      ).  ,  ,   Gertrude    , -     ,   -   .       ,         . ,      -      ,     - Gertrude    ,  ,    .      ,   "  ".       ?      ,  ,     , ,     " "  .         , ,           .
                   Gertrude: Fast Fashions  Sandy's Styles (. 5).
      

$$$image/5.jpg


      
. 5. "" :       
            :
      1.  ,       , - Sandy's Styles.    Gertrude   .
      2.   ,   Gertrude     ,     .           ,         .
      3. Gertrude -  ,        .       ,      ,      .

###_Toc530972648

           
      (Encounter Group)
        ,    ,         ,      ,       . ,            .     ,           ,       ,  .

###_Toc530972649

         
      (Affinity Group)

          (   ),            .      10 ,       .           ,   ,      ,       .             -      .        .     ,       .

###_Toc530972650

         
      (Task Force, Taskforce)
      ,        .            ;          .    ,      .     -,     ,          .      .

###_Toc530972651

        
      (Reference Group)
      ,    (   ) , ,         ("    ?", " ,    ,       ?"). .: .

###_Toc530972652

        
      (Groupthink)
         .  "1984",   ,  .

###_Toc530972653

        
      (Group Training)
      .:     .

###_Toc530972654

        
      (Group Accounts)
           .         .

###_Toc530972655

       ( ) 
      (Goodwill)
       ,  ,       ,     .  ,     (),  "".      ,          .     ,     .            (  )      .

###_Toc530972656

      ,  (. 1945) 
      (Goold, Michael)
       ,     , -    .      .        "  " (Strategies & Styles, 1987),          . .:  ,          :  ,     .        ,      ,     "   :     " (Corporate Level Strategy: Creating Value in the Multibusiness Company, 1994).     (     )   ,            .  .   ,   .

###_Toc530972657

       
      (Gazumping)
      ,       ( )   ,      ,    .

###_Toc530972658

       
      (Gazundering)
      ,       ,     .       "",           :      ,             .

###_Toc530972659

      ,  
      (Galbraith, Jay)
              ,     -  . . .  ,          .

###_Toc530972660

      

###_Toc530972661

       
      (Data) 
             ,     .    ,   "",  ,         . , ,  ,  ",   "   ,        "" (   " "), . . ""  ,      .     ,  "  ",   .   : " ,    ". 

###_Toc530972662

       
      (Kickback)
              .

###_Toc530972663

        
      (Double - Entry Bookkeeping)
          ,         -              . 

###_Toc530972664

        
      (Double Taxation)
                .       .

###_Toc530972665

       
      (Debit)
      1.              ,       . 2.       . 

###_Toc530972666

        
      (Debit Note)
                . 

###_Toc530972667

        
      (Debit Card)
       ,       ;     . 

###_Toc530972668

       
       (Accounts Receivable)
      ,       - -   .

###_Toc530972669

       
      (Debtors)
            - ,   . 

###_Toc530972670

       ,  (. 1933) 
      (De Bono, Edward)
      ,   ()  -  " ",     38      .   -   ,  ,  ,   ,   "   ".       ,      .       - ,    , -        ? 

###_Toc530972671

       
      (De-bureaucratisation)
                   .

###_Toc530972672

       
      (Devalution)
               .

###_Toc530972673

       
      (Downgrade)
      ,  ,           ,           . 

###_Toc530972674

       
      (De-industrialisation)
             .            ,     .     ,     . .:  ,   .

###_Toc530972675

       
      (Agency)
        .

###_Toc530972676

         
      (Industrial Action)
           "  ": ,   , , "  "   ,     . 

###_Toc530972677

          
      (Mission Statement)
      ,        ,      ,   ,  , "   ",         . .: .

###_Toc530972678

       
      (Delegation)
                    .    ,   .

###_Toc530972679

        
      (Empowerment)
             ,    .    " "       .    ,                     .       ,    "  "    . . ,   Harvard Business Review.  : "   ,      , ,     ,        ".      ""  ,   , ,             .    ,       ,    ,    ,  . 
        -  ,  ,      .      . .   ,        .        ,         .

###_Toc530972680

        
      (Share Split, Stock Split)
         ,         .

###_Toc530972681

       
      (Tort)
        ,  .

###_Toc530972682

        
      (Appraisal)
              ,      .                .

###_Toc530972683

        
      (Business Person)
           .

###_Toc530972684

        () 
      (Competences - UK, Competencies - US)
         ,     .         ,         ,        .        (,   ,   )   . ,             ,   ,   ,    .            ,      (Maks & Spencer)     ,    ,   .

###_Toc530972685

      ,    
      (Account Executive)

         ,     ,            .           (,   ),      .

###_Toc530972686

        ( ) 
      (Delphi Technique)
       ,   ,    ()  " "           ,   " ",   ,     ,         . 

###_Toc530972687

      ,  (. 1900) 
      (Deming, W. Edwards)
      ""    .      1940-1950- .;      .   .      .       1980- .,            .   ,          .    (" -     "); ,      -    . .: ,  (. 1904),  ,      . 

###_Toc530972688

        
      (Demographics)
           (   ,   . .)   .         , ,   .

###_Toc530972689

       
      (Dumping)
           ,  ,           .        ,     . 

###_Toc530972690

       
      (Denationalisation)
                      -    . .:  ,  . 

###_Toc530972691

       " " 
      (Cash Cow)
      ,     ,    .             ,         . 
       "  "       (),   .   ,   " " - ""           . 
            ,    -  -    "  ".    ,   ,   ( ) ,            ,   ""  .   ,          " ",    ,             . " "  ,  ,   ,      "",     , ,  ,         " "  " ".  -,      ,    " ", - " ".  , ,     ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530972692

        
      (Money Value)
           (      ,   ).

###_Toc530972693

        
      (Cash)
            .     , "   "  .          ,        .         .      ,     ,  .               (,     ),      ,     . ,     ,    .   (,     )     ,      .  ,     ,  ,     ""   ,      ,  .

###_Toc530972694

      " " 
      (Cash Trap)
       ,        ,   ,     ,     ;    ,   .    (1972),  "       ""  .     ,  - ,      ". 
           " " (,       )   "".   " "   " ",               ,         .   ""   " "      ,    ,    "",       .     ,   ,      " "?

###_Toc530972695

        
      (Money Market)
            ,    ,         .

###_Toc530972696

        
      (CD - Certificate of Deposit)
            (    )   , . .      .

###_Toc530972697

       
      (Backwardation)
      1.       ,      . 2.     ,  ,       ,     ,       .

###_Toc530972698

       
      (Deregulation)
        ,       (,  ).

###_Toc530972699

        
      (Decision Tree)
      -,         .               .          ,       .   .  . 6           ,         .             . 

        . 6       ,         .      ,            ,    ()   ()   (. 7).       ()        ()  ().
      

$$$image/6.jpg

      
. 6.  
      

$$$image/7.jpg

      
. 7.        
       . 7 ,                ,     .   ,      "" ,      . 
            ;           ,         . 

###_Toc530972700

        
      (Ten-10K, 10-K)
       ,    ,      ,       .           . 

###_Toc530972701

       
      (Defeasance)
            .               .

###_Toc530972702

        
      (Deflated Money)
        ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530972703

       
      (Decentralisation)
                .   1921-1993 .   .     - ,    ,   . .:   .

###_Toc530972704

       
      (Zaibatsu)
           ,    .   ,       ,  - .       , ,  ,    (Canon, Sony, Toyota)      ,    ,    .           ,          ,     .

###_Toc530972705

      ,  (. 1904) 
      (Juran, Joseph M.)
          -,   (  . )    .  "    " (Quality Control Handbook, 1951).       1953 .      .    , .  ,        ,    .     ,   . ,      .  1988 .   "   " ("Juran on Planning for Quality"),   " ":  ,     .        -   .     ,   .  ,   ,       . 

###_Toc530972706

       
      (Jobber, Jobbing Broker)
      " "   . 

###_Toc530972707

      ,  
      (Zany, Zaniness)
       -      , ,   .  ""             . .  ,      -    ,                .  " " (Liberation Management, 1992) .  : " ,     ,      .   :       ,       .  ,  ,     , , ,     ".

###_Toc530972708

        
      (Organisation Chart)
         "".    ,        .    ;              . .:     . 

###_Toc530972709

         
      (Bubble Chart)
                   ,   .      . 15  25.  ,        . 

###_Toc530972710

       Z 
      (Z-Chart)
         ,          .  . 8    .     ,    Z.
      

$$$image/8.jpg

      
. 8.   Z

###_Toc530972711

      
      (Diversification)
      1.      ,         .        (  )        /          "",  ,   . 
          ,  , ,  ,     .            ,        ( )      (  ).
          :
      .   1960- -  1970- .    ( )  ,             ,  "" ,    ,    ,   ,         , ,      .        ,  .        ,     ,   ,                      .   , ,     ;   ,     ,    ;        "  " ,     ,    "" .
        .   , ,  Hanson  BTR,     ,     ,  ,          ,       .         ,  " "          .
          .      ,      - ,    .     . 4,    ,  . .
      
 4.  ,     
      

$$$image/t4.jpg

      
  , ,         ,         .      ,  ,     .  ,     ,         .         ,  Cummins,      ,        ; General Mills         (  )   ; Coca-Cola      ,  Columbia Pictures;   Lex Service,  ,  ""      .
                            ,  ,          , , ,  Marks & Spencer       ( )        .                   ,      ,        . .:  .
        -       .        ,         15    ( ,     -).

###_Toc530972712

        
      (Diversified Company)
      1. ,        ,       . 2.  ,   . , ,       .        ,     ,    ()          ; ()     -             . .: . 

###_Toc530972713

        
      (Diversifiable Risk)
      .:     .

###_Toc530972714

       
      (Dividend)
            (),    .               ,       ,       .      .            ,      ""  .         .

###_Toc530972715

      ,  
      (Stock Dividend)
            ,   .        ,         .

###_Toc530972716

          
      (Preference Dividend)
           ;      .

###_Toc530972717

       
      (Divisionalisation)
       ,      ,      .    -  . . ,   1921 .       ""  General Motors,      . .:   .

###_Toc530972718

       
      (Design)
      -                 .  -       .    .

###_Toc5309727181

       
      (Designer Capitalism)
       ,       (,          ,      ) ""      .         .      ,   ,         "" ,    ,     , . " "  ,            ,   ,    ,    .           ,         ,    , .          ,     ,         laissez faire.

###_Toc530972719

        
      (Wildcat Strike)
      ,       .

###_Toc530972720

      " " 
      (Wildcat)
          " " ( ,      ,           ). .:  .

###_Toc530972721

       
      (Dilemmas)
      ,          . . - ,             .

###_Toc530972722

       
      (DINKIE - Double Income, No Kids)
          ,   .

###_Toc530972723

       
      (Dinosaur)
      ,    ,   .  ,    ""     ,      ,  - ,     "".  ,       .

###_Toc530972724

       
      (Dionysus)
         .       ,      ,   , .     ,  ,  ,     ,    .        :         .      ,               ,   ,         .         ,    .  ,          .       .

###_Toc530972725

       
      (Director)
      1.   ( ) ,        ,      ,       .    (      )           () .             -    ,   ,          ,    ,     .              ,      ,         . 2.        ,        . 

###_Toc530972726

        
      (Executive Programme)
              ,   ,        (       ).          ,     ,    -   .

###_Toc530972727

          
      (Share Options, Executive Share Options)
             ,     (   ).     ,   ,         ,   .             ,         .           ,    ,   ,          . 

###_Toc530972728

       
      (Disk Drive)
         ,     .

###_Toc530972729

      
      (Discount)
      1.    :     . 2. ,             ,  ,     . 3. ,             .4. ,           . 5. ,        .

###_Toc530972730

       (,   ) 
      (Discounters)
       ,          .     -       (  )  ,      .              .    ( ),    Aldi,      ,   ,     ,         .   -       .

###_Toc530972731

         
      (DCF - Discounted Cash Flow)
         ,     .                 ,      (,   $ 100   ,       ).    ,     (),       ,     .    ,    . 
      ,      $ 1000,           $ 200,     -  $ 500.     ?      $ 1500   $ 1000. ,   ,      ,     ,  , -,    ,  ,  -,      "" . ,       -      $1000  .  ,         15 % ,          (15 %  - c  ,          ,      ).        (. . 5). 
              $ 817,   $ 1500,  ,    ($ 1000)   ( $183).
      
 5.    
      

$$$image/t5.jpg


###_Toc5309727311

        
      (Discretionary Account)
        .        ,          ().

###_Toc530972732

        
      (Variance Analysis)
              ,       .

###_Toc530972733

       
      (Standard Deviation)
         ,         .       . 

###_Toc530972734

        
      (Distance Learning)

       ( ,       )     (     )     ( )  .

###_Toc530972735

        () 
      (Telecommuting, Telecommuter)
              ,    .    .     (    )         . 

###_Toc530972736

       
      (Disfunctional)
      . 

###_Toc530972737

       
      (Differentiation)
                   (   ,    ). .:  .

###_Toc530972738

        
      (Long Posotion)
      ,           ,  , . .   ( )         .    ,    ,   -  .   .        ,         .        ,   , ,       .

###_Toc530972739

        
      (Value Added, Added Value)
      ,       ,     ;       ,   . ,    ,      :            ,        " ". .:  .

###_Toc530972740

       
       (Goodwill)
      .: .

###_Toc530972741

        
      (Voluntary Winding-up)
      ,           .

###_Toc530972742

        
      (Voluntary Arrangement)
      ,            ,      ,     ,        .

###_Toc530972743

        
      (Voluntary Redundancy)
          ,        ,        . 

###_Toc530972744

       
      (Power of Attorney)
       ,        ,     .

###_Toc530972745

       
      (Constituency)
            , . . , , , , ,      . .:   .

###_Toc530972746

        
      (Trustee)
      ,    ,   (1).

###_Toc530972747

      - 
      (Covenant)
      ,   ,         . 

###_Toc530972748

        
      (Company Doctor)
       " ",    ""      ,    "  " (   " ").    .

###_Toc530972749

         
      (Offer Document)
              

###_Toc530972750

      ,     
      (Deed)
       ,       , , ,      . 

###_Toc530972751

        
      (Loanstock)
         ,        .          ,    .       ,           ,  ,        (            ).       ,     .       -      ,       .     -  ,           ,        .            .

###_Toc530972752

        
      (Long-term Loan/Loanstock/Bond)
      ,     12      - ,          .

###_Toc530972753

          
      (Debenture, Debenture Stock)
       (  10-40 )         .              .

###_Toc530972754

        
      (Long-term Liability)
      ,   -     12 .

###_Toc530972755

        ,    
      (Long-term Capital Employed, Long-term Net Worth)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972756

        
      (Officer)
             .

###_Toc530972757

        
      (Job Description)
              ,           ,        .  "",   ""  ,   ,      , . . .      ,          . .:    .          ,      .       ,      , ,   ,      ,    .  -          ;  ,        . ?

###_Toc530972758

        
      (Management Ratio)
             .    ? 

###_Toc530972759

        
      (Market Share)
         (    ),    .          (   )     .    10% ,   ,        (      5%).    , ,  -    (      ).     (. .  -) ,   ,    -   :     ,     ! 

###_Toc530972760

      " " 
      (Pets)
        1970 .   ,         (.:  ).      ,   " "    ,        ,   : "    ".  " "   "",      .

###_Toc530972761

       
      (Dominance)
      1. ,         ,           .  ,     ,             . 2. ,            . ,                   .

###_Toc530972762

        
      (Dominant Firm)
      ,             ().     ,        ,             (. .       2,0).  ,            .       .

###_Toc530972763

        
      (Rights Issue)
                  .   .          :
             ,     ,      5-15%;
                "" ,        ""       -.
                      ,    ;                .

###_Toc530972764

         
      (Collateral)

          ,      .     -   .

###_Toc530972765

       ,  
      (Incremental Product, Incremental Service)
        (),         .

###_Toc530972766

       
      (Tolerance)
          -        .    ,  . 

###_Toc530972767

          
      (Introduction)
          ,      .

###_Toc530972768

        
      (Tight Money)
          ,         .

###_Toc530972769

        
      (Dividend Yield)
            ,     .    -      ,     .           ,   "",        .  ,     -  ,      (  ,  ),          (         ),   .  ,   ,      ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530972770

          
      (ROE - Return on Equity)
         :       (    )   .         "" ().   ,         -   . :      .

###_Toc530972771

            
      (Return on Shareholders Fund)
      .:    .

###_Toc530972772

       
      (Yield)
        ,      .     ,      (  ,  )  .   ,  ,    ();       ,   ,         .       : (1) ,      (         ,        ,      ); (2)     (            ).   ,    ,    ,        (), ,    ,     .         ,        ,     .     : ,    ,   . 

###_Toc5309727721

         
      (Yield to Maturity)

                ,         (    ).       . 

###_Toc530972773

        
      (Redemption Yield)
         ,     ,     .

###_Toc530972774

       
      (Earnings)
        .        .    -    .    ,       !

###_Toc5309727741

            
      (EBIT - Earnings Before and Tax)
           .    :      ,     .      ,      ,         .

###_Toc530972775

         
      (EPS -Earnings per Share)
         ,    . 

###_Toc530972776

        () 
      (Subsidiarity)
                  .    II  1941 .: "  ...       ,         ".

###_Toc530972777

       ,  
      (Subsidiary, Subsidiary Undertaking)
      ,   ,    ,      50%   ""      -  .

###_Toc530972778

         
      (Wage Drift)
       ,      (   ,   ). ,       1960- .;         ,       .

###_Toc530972779

        
      (User Friendly)
       ,     ,    ,   ,       .        ,   , .      ,  " "  ,      ,   .

###_Toc530972780

      ,  (. 1909) 
      (Drucker, Peter)
            XX .   :  ,    ;    ;  ,   ,   ;   "  ";   ;       ,   .  ,    ,     ,    .

###_Toc530972781

      

###_Toc530972782

        
       (ECU - European Currency Unit)
      .: .

###_Toc530972783

       
      (Euromarket)
       (     )     ,   .           (,  ),    ,    .

###_Toc530972784

        
      (Metric, Metrics)
      .   : " ,  ".   , -    ,    ().

###_Toc530972785

        
      (Unitary Taxation)
             "" .     ;      .

###_Toc530972786

       
      (Unity of Command)
       ,  .

###_Toc530972787

       
      (Sole Trader)
      1. ,    . 2.     -  ,     ,    ,    ,    -   ,      .

###_Toc530972788

         
      (ECU - European Currency Unit)
      .: .

###_Toc530972789

      
      (Euromarket)
       (     )     ,   .           (,  ),    ,    .

###_Toc530972790

        
      (Metric, Metrics)

      .   : " ,  ".   , -    ,    ().

###_Toc530972791

        
      (Unitary Taxation)
             "" .     ;      .

###_Toc530972792

       
      (Unity of Command)
       ,  .

###_Toc530972793

       
      (Sole Trader)
      1. ,    . 2.     -  ,     ,    ,    ,    -   ,      . 

###_Toc530972794

       ,    
      (Single Market, Single European Market)
        ,            .     ,        .

###_Toc530972795

        
      (Natural Wastage)
            ,      (   ).      3-5%  .

###_Toc530972796

      

###_Toc530972797

       
      (Wants)
      ,           .       ,      -  ,       .

###_Toc530972798

      ,  (. 1917) 
      (Jacques, Elliott)
       ,       .      Glacier Metal  1948  1965 .     ,  .     .             .  ,      ,          ;   ,    ,      .            .     :         .           .
        , .       .     ,          ,     ,       ,    . .      :       ,   ,  "   ,      ,   ".     ,           ,      (       ""). .  -  " ".

###_Toc530972799

        
      (Yellow Goods)
      ,      ( +  = ):     .    ( )      (  )  (Sticky)     .       ,   ,        .

###_Toc530972800

         
      (Product Life Cycle)
       ,  -    , ,      ,     :  ();  ();  (  ).       (, )         .     ,         .           ( ,  )     .        -  .    ,   ,      ""  . . ,       ,  ,    ,    .    " "       .  , ,         ,     .

###_Toc530972801

       
      (Journal)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972802

       
      (Bug)
          .

###_Toc530972803

      

###_Toc530972804

        
      (Off-balance Sheet Financing)

         ,       ;   ,         .      ( ,    )      ,             .   -     ;  ,     .   ,        ,     ,        .

###_Toc530972805

         
      (Overseas Manufacturing Inverstment)
                 . .:     .

###_Toc530972806

        
      (Cross-Border Deals)
         ,    .          ,       .     ,       .

###_Toc530972807

        
      (Machine Loading)
      1.   . 2.        .

###_Toc530972808

       
      (Objectives)
      ,   ,          - . .:   .

###_Toc530972809

       
      (Debt)
      1.  ,    ,         .           (       ).   (    ),      (      ),      ""-,       ,    .           :       ,  ,    ,  ,  .    ,            ,           .       -,    . 2. ,   ,   ,  .

###_Toc530972810

             
      (Mail Order)

        .        "";           ,        . ,         ,      ,      ,   ,      .  ,    , ,    ,      . 

###_Toc530972811

       
      (Mortgage)
           .

###_Toc530972812

        
      (Gresham's Law)
      "     ". 

###_Toc530972813

        
      (Zipf's Law)
         . . : ""         ,       .       .

###_Toc530972814

        
      (Parkinson's Laws)
       .  : 1.       .     (     ,  ,   )    ,       . 2.      . 3.    ,   -   . .:  . 

###_Toc530972815

        
      (Close Company)
       ,     .

###_Toc530972816

        
      (Closed - end Fund)
       ,      .      -  . :  .

###_Toc530972817

      
      (Purchasing)
       ,    ,   ,   ,   .     .        ,      . .:    ,  ,   .

###_Toc530972818

        
      (Fixed Charge)
       ,   :   ,     ( )            .

###_Toc530972819

        
      (Floating Charge)
      1.  ,      .                .        ""   . 2.      ,  ,      .

###_Toc530972820

          
      (COO - Chief Operating Officer)
        .           ,     .      ,         .     ,          ,       .             ,    ,         ,      .    ,                .        ,  ,        

###_Toc530972821

       
      (Stock, Stocks)
      1.      :   (  ), ,  . 2.   Stock - .

###_Toc530972822

        
      (Merit Pay)
      ,     .         ,   .    -  . 

###_Toc530972823

       
      (Expense)
       ,       ,     .

###_Toc530972824

        
      (Tunnel Vision)
           , .

###_Toc530972825

        
      (Deposit Protection, Depositor Protection)
         (        )     .

###_Toc530972826

         
      (Defence Against Takeover)
       ,   ,   ,     -,     ,      ,  " ", " ", " "  "  ".    ,    ,       .         ,  ,    ,      .        ,           ,     .

###_Toc530972827

       PAC-MAN 
      (Pac-Man Defence)
         ,   ,  -   ,   ,   .             (     "")      .  -     ,     - ,      ,       "",  ""  .         ,       ,      .  PAC-MAN,  ,  ,       ,     (   ),          .    ""  (   ),  PAC-MAN      ,       -           .

###_Toc530972828

      "" 
      (Champion)
         , , , ""  .   .       "",   ,    -     .

###_Toc530972829

       
      (Bid)
      1.          . 2. .:  .

###_Toc530972830

         
      (Takeover Bid)
         . .:         .

###_Toc530972831

      "" 
      (Star)
      ,        ,   (    )   - (       3-5    10%  ). "" -   ,         ,    -     . ""    ,     ,    ,        .        ( ,       ),  ,     ,         ,      .      ,       ""     "  "   ""       - . 
       ,     ""    : ",   ".     ,    ,  ,     .  ,     "", -     ,     " ",   " ",    ""    ,      "" (    ).     ,     ""    , ,     ,     - " ".  ,    ""  ,    ,     .       (    40-50%  ),  ,     ,       . 
           "",          ,     . Ford   -  "",    " ",     "".   Xerox,  Kodak,   Du Pont,  Hilton -    "",         "",      -  .   ,  McDonald's, Sony Walkman, Coca-Cola - "",        ,      ,  , ,   "  ",    . Filofax (  ) -  ,   ,   ""   . ,           ,     .  (   )       " " (    50  ). "",   "",      ,  ,     ,       .
        ,        ,    "".    -      . .:  .

###_Toc530972832

      "" 
      (Zebra)
         ,       .  ""    ,      ,   .       .

###_Toc530972833

       
      (Zeus)
           . . -   ; ,    ,    ,   ,        ()   ,   .        (. . ).  ,     (),    ,    ,            .

            ,     :   ,   ,   ,  ,   .
          : (1)   , (2)    , (3)      ( ,     ).
            , ,      "",      . ,   ,        ,        .    : Microsoft, The Body Shop, Hanson, Mars  McKinsey. 
                   ,     .   ,     . .:  , ,   .

###_Toc530972834

      ""  
      (Green Shoots)
           .  , ,   ,  .    -   . .

###_Toc5309728341

      ""  
      (Green Consumers)
      ,     "" , ,    The Body Shop, , ,                 .

###_Toc530972835

      ""  
      (Green Product)
            , , ,      (    ).

###_Toc530972836

      " " 
      (Greenmail)
      ,       1980- .,   ,        "",    ,     .   -        ,    . " "     ,        . 

###_Toc530972837

      "" 
      (Greenback)
       .

###_Toc530972838

       
      (Ziggurat)
        .  "" .

###_Toc530972839

      " " 
      (Golden Share)
           ,     ,     , .

###_Toc530972840

      " " 
      (Golden Hello)
            .

###_Toc530972841

      " " 
      (Golden Handshake)
         ,      .

###_Toc530972842

      " " 
      (Golden Parachute)

              ,        (,   ).

###_Toc530972843

      " " 
      (Gold Mine)
        "  ".  " "          - .  ,       "  ",      . .:  .

###_Toc530972844

      " " 
      (Golden Triangle)

          ,  ,   . 

###_Toc530972845

      " " 
      (Golden Handcuffs)
       ,    ,      ,          . 

###_Toc530972846

      "" 
      (Umbrella)
      1.  "   " ,          ,  ,     ,          . 2. " " -  , " "     . ,   . 3.      , . . ,          ,      ,  ,  ""  ,          . 

###_Toc530972847

        
      (Umbrella Organisation)
      .: "" (2).

###_Toc530972848

        
      (Umbrella Fund)
       .

###_Toc530972849

      " " 
      (Mature Industry)

         ,      " ",     . ,      "",      ,  " "   " ",          .

###_Toc530972850

      

###_Toc530972851

          
      (Positive-sum Game)
      ,                 ( )  ,      .  (  )  -    .

###_Toc530972852

          
      (Zero-sum Game)
         ,   ,      -  :      ,       - "",   .  ,    (  )     ,        .  Coke , Pepsi ,  anon     , Xerox  .
         . -,           ( ,  )       ; ,           ""           .          ,     NAFTA.
         ,                      .   . ,   -   .       ,        ,         , " -".
          ,         :     ,      ,      ,   .           .    ,  ,  ,    -    . 

###_Toc530972853

         
      (Downside)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972854

        
      (Brand Awareness)
       ,    ,   " "   ;     (     ).

###_Toc530972855

        
      (Cost to Switch, Costs to Switch)
       /       .    ,  -      ,            .         .         ,       ,     .        :    ,       . ,       ,         .

###_Toc530972856

        
      (Costs of Complexity)
        ,           .      ,    .  ,      ,       .     ,               .
             ,          .        -        :   " " ,  ,          .
                 ,   .  , ,    ,      ,        .  ,      -  .          ,      .  ,  ,       ,    ,    (        ),  ,  ,     -     .

###_Toc530972857

         
      (Set-up Cost)

                ,    ,     . 

###_Toc530972858

        
      (Rescheduling)

       ,     ,   ,     .

###_Toc530972859

       
      (Depreciation)
      ,       . ,      (),   .         ,         .

###_Toc530972860

       
      (Invention)
              .   -   ,          - .    Polaroid,  10%       .       ,   .

###_Toc530972861

        
      (Action Research)
          ,  . .

###_Toc530972862

        
      (Hierarchy of Needs)
      ,  . ,      ,    (,   )   "" (. .   ,     ).   -  ,        .

###_Toc530972863

       
      (Image)
           , , . ,         ,        .

###_Toc530972864

       
      (Simulation)
      ,             ,   .        .  ( )     -.

###_Toc530972865

        
      (Stocktaking)
              .

###_Toc530972866

       
      (Investment)
      1.   . 2.   . 3.   ( ,    ""       ),      . , ,          . 4.   :  ,        .

###_Toc5309728661

           
      (Greenfield Investment)

        ,  .        .

###_Toc530972867

        
      (Investment Bank, Merchant Bank)
          Investment Bank,   - Merchant Bank. ,    ,     ,     ,   , . .       ,     ,        (   ).

###_Toc530972868

        
      (Investment Trust)
      ,           .         .        ,       . :  .

###_Toc530972869

       
      (Indexation)
           .

###_Toc530972870

        
      (Herfindahl Index)
          .   ,      .              ,     1 (      50 %,    0,5),      . ,     100 %  ,   1     :    .     ,     50 % ,   0,5  ,   0,25    0,5   (0,25). : 0,25 + 0,25 = 0,5.     ,     25% ,   : (0,25)  (0,25)  4=0,25.     ,   :  ,     ,   ,      ,      (0,5  1);     ,    ,      ,       (0,25  0,5). 
                  ,   .                   ,     .                .

###_Toc530972871

          
      (Brand Development Index)
           -        ()  .  35%    IBM   ,      25%  ,      IBM     140 (35%,   25%    100%).   ,      (,  ),     ,       .

###_Toc530972872

        
      (Index Fund)
         ,       , . .      . ,          .     ,     ,   ,      " ".

###_Toc530972873

         
      (Service Contract)
          ,    - " ".

###_Toc530972874

         
      (Sunrise Industry)
         ,   .

###_Toc530972875

         
      (Sunset Industry)
          .

###_Toc530972876

        
      (Inertia Selling)
      1.          ,     " "       .       . 2.                  , , ,    ,    : "  , ,           ,     ".

###_Toc530972877

        
      (Engineering Psychology)
        .

###_Toc530972878

        
      (Reverse Engineering)
                  .    "   ".

###_Toc530972879

       
      (Innovation)
        :       .          -.     ,    ,       .      .        ,      Sony     Coca-Cola.      .  ,          ,       .          : ,      .         ,     ,           .

###_Toc530972880

        
      (Foreign Bond)
       ,       .

###_Toc530972881

       
      (Insiderisation, Insiderization)
      1. ,  . ,      -   ,     .   -   Coca-Cola  -,        . Coke              .  ,              ,    .         ,       ,   " ". - -     . 2.   -   .              .

###_Toc530972882

        
      (Inside Information, Insider Information)
      C.:     .

###_Toc530972883

        
      (Insider Trading)
      C.:     .

###_Toc530972884

       
      (Inspection)
        ;      . .: .

###_Toc530972885

       ,     
      (IPR - Intellectual Property, Intellectual Ppoperty Rights) 
          ,  ,   .

###_Toc530972886

        
      (Inflated Paper)
       .

###_Toc530972887

        
      (Data Highway) 
        ,           XXI .          - ,   IBM, MCI          .

###_Toc530972888

      ,   
      (Institutions, Institutional Investors)
        ,         ,     .      :  ,  ,  ,  ,     .           ,    (  )       ,        ,     ,   ,     ,     .    ,       ,  ,        2%   . ,    ,            0,3%.       ,     ,  ,  ,   ,        ,     .       ,    ,          ,      .             .

###_Toc530972889

       
      (Instrument)
         :  -         . .:  .

###_Toc530972890

        
      (IC - Integrated Circuit)

       ,    .        1970- .           .

###_Toc530972891

          
      (Upstream Integration)
               -.

###_Toc530972892

           
      (Forward Integration)
           ,       ,   -             .

###_Toc530972893

           
      (Backward Integration)
            ,        ,      ,     .  , ,    ,      ,         .   -    ,         ,  ,   .  ,            ,           ,     ,    ,  ,   .        ,             .

###_Toc530972894

       
      (Interactive)
      1.  ,       . 2.  ,     ,      ,          . 

###_Toc530972895

        
      (Order Interval)
         ,    .

###_Toc530972896

       
      (Informating)
       (  )    ().     ,                .    ( )  .     , ,      ,     ,     . ,      ,    ,  ,     :     ,      .

###_Toc530972897

        
      (IT - Informatioin Technology)
      ,            .  ,    ()        .                    .       ,   .   ,   ,       .      ,  "     ",       .     ,       (,  ),      ,  ,    " ",                  .       - ():         " " .             .    ,      ,  .             500%, ,  ,         80%. .:    .

###_Toc530972898

      ,    
      (Price-Sensitive Information)
        ,   ,    ,         .       .

###_Toc530972899

       
      (Information)
      ,      , , ,   .      ""  ,     ,      .    ,   :     ,     ,       .            ,  . .     &  Strategy Consultants    ,       :
         ,       ,    (      ).
          :  , ;   - ;    -  ;     ,     , -  . 
                 (  ,    ,       ),       . ,            ,   ,     ,     ,   . 

             ,   ,        .

###_Toc530972900

        
      (Informated Individual)
      -  ,     ,     ,    ,   ,       . .: .

###_Toc530972901

       
      (Resource Investigator)
      ,  .   ,        ,          .

###_Toc530972902

        
      (Ex Div, XD)
      ,          ( ,    ). :  .

###_Toc530972903

        
      (Exeptional Item)

        (),       .      ()      - .

###_Toc530972904

        
      (AI - Artificial Intelligence)
           ,       ,    ,     . 
             () -  ,  (    )         . ,     ,     ,                .  ,  -,   ,     .           ,        ,          .     : ,    ,     . 
                 ,      ,               . ,   ,    ,   ,        .        .

###_Toc530972905

        
      (Exercising an Option)
               ,     .

###_Toc530972906

        
      (Compliance)
               ,  ,    ,       . , ,    ,     ,         ,   ,      .   10      ,   ,    ",   ",   ,          .            ,   .

###_Toc530972907

        
      (Executive Board)
       ,       .    " ", ,      .  (   )   ,      -  ,         ,    .

###_Toc530972908

         
      (Utilisation)
          .

###_Toc530972909

        
      (Capital Employed)
            .           ,    .        . .:    .   " " -   .

###_Toc530972910

          
      (Prior Year Adjustment)
      ,     ,           ,       . 

###_Toc530972911

        
      (Feasibility Study)
          ,      .

###_Toc530972912

        
      (OR - Operations Research, Operational Research)
        ()          1960-1970- .      ,     ,        .       ,    , , ,  ,     ,  ,  ,   (.: ),  ,  .

###_Toc530972913

        
      (Market Research)
                  .   -   ,      .        :
          ,   ,    ;
             ,    ;
                      ,    ;
        ,             ;
        ,               .
      ,             (     ),      "  " ,       . .:  ,  ,    .

###_Toc530972914

          
      (Time and Motion, Time and Motion Study)
       ,     ,       .

###_Toc530972915

         
      (R & D - Research and Development)
           ,    ,    .      , ,      ,      -        .  ,     Astra ()      ,  ,                ?         Astra      .  ,       -    ,  - ,   "  ".     ,           ,         ,           . ,   -  ,      ,        .  ,    ,      . 

###_Toc530972916

        
      (Metod Study)
        .   ,     .   .

###_Toc530972917

      -- 
      (Hito-Kane-Mono)

           ", ,  ( )",   ,        ,   .

###_Toc530972918

       
      (Bottom Line)
      , . .       . 2.     -     .

###_Toc530972919

       
      (Bottom Line)
      1. ,            . 2. ,     ,  .

###_Toc530972920

      

###_Toc530972921

       
      (Treasury) 

          ,      .

###_Toc530972922

       
      (Kaisha)
          ( ),     "".   .   .  " -  " (Kaisha, the Japanese Corporation)    ,     (Canon, Honda, Matsushita, Toyota  Toshiba),      .

###_Toc530972923

            
      (Average Costing)
      ,             ,         . ,   ,           (     )      ,      ,  . ,                    ,    . .              .                       ,      ,            (. . 9). .  -,     ,      . 

###_Toc530972924

            
      (Marginal Costing)
      1.   ,        . 2.        ,             .          .
      

$$$image/9.jpg


      
. 9.        

###_Toc530972925

        
      (Distribution Channel)
          ,    .      ,   , ,      ,     . . ,  , ,         ,    ;      .  ,     ,    ,    ,           .          , ,    .                    ,     ,     "" .          ,  , ,        .

###_Toc530972926

       
      (Kanban) 
      : , .     ,          ,   ,           .       Toyota.        ,   :               () . .:  J.

###_Toc530972927

       
      (Cannabalisation)
                ,         ,   .  "Coke", ,    "Coke",   "Whiskas"           .  ,            ,  ,            (       ,     "Whiskas"   "Kit-e-Kat").  ,             ,    ,         -   ,  .

###_Toc530972928

      ,   (. 1943) 
      (Kanter, Rosabeth Moss)
       ,        Harvard Business Review.       " "    .     .
        "    " (Men and Women of Corporation, 1977)   ,    ,    .     ,   (  " " )   . 
        " " (The Change Masters, 1983)  ,     ,     .       " "  .   , ,   ,  , ""   "".           ,  ,           .
        "   " (When Giants Learn to Dance, 1989)     ,        "-"      , ,  ,    ,            .    : "      ".   : "   ",      ,      .      (PAL),   "       ,     ".     (PAL) (. "". - . .)  , ,       .   - ,  ""    ,       ( ),        .
      .      , ,   ,   (    )       -   . . :  ,  ,  ,   .

###_Toc530972929

       
      (Capital)
       .       ,   .            .    "",     , ,     .     ,       ,            .

###_Toc530972930

         
      (Capital and Reserves)
        ,       :  ,   ,       (             ).

###_Toc530972931

        
      (Development Capital)
                    (   ).

###_Toc530972932

       
      (Capitalisation, Capitalization)
        ,      ;           . 

###_Toc530972933

       
      (Capitalintensive)
           ,      . 

###_Toc5309729331

        
      (CAPEX - Capital Expenditure)
      C.:  .

###_Toc530972934

       
      (Carnival)
       . : ,  , - , ,   ,      .        ?

###_Toc530972935

       
      (Cartel)
           ,       /    .   ,   .       -  (  -  ),         1973 .  (     )       .            .

###_Toc530972936

        
      (Perceptual Maps, Perceptual Mapping)
               .          , ,          .            . .:  .

###_Toc530972937

        
      (Career Ancor)
       . ,        ,        ,      .

###_Toc530972938

        
      (Cash Book)
       ,       .

###_Toc530972939

        
      (Cash Budget)
       ,           .

###_Toc530972940

        
      (Cafeteria Benefits, Careteria Perks)
      C.:  .

###_Toc530972941

       
      (Kaffir)
         .

###_Toc530972942

       
      (Quality)
           :    ,       .   ,   -     .             ;             .   ,        .    ,    -    .
         ,  -  ,   .     .       ,      ,   ,          .   ,   ,    ,     ,       .  -     :  ,       ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,      . .  .  ""   " "    ,      .     :         .         , -    .  ,      ,        ,    ,     ,         ,       .    ,     ""   ,     ,       ?  -  ,    ,  ,  ,      " ",     "   ".       -   ,    .
             1980- .     ,   1950-1960- .  .  1980-1990- .,          (     ).
       -    ,   -   .        ,        ;      ,      :  -    .      ,  ,  ,    :  -     ,  ,  ,  ,    ,  -       .
          ,     ,   ,  ,       ,        .       ;     .        ,  ,      ,      .    .
             , ,       ,          .       . .: ,  (. 1900), ,  (. 1904)  .

###_Toc530972943

        
      (Helicopter Quality)
            , ,     ,         .   .          ,      .   ,   ,    ,   "".  ,    ( )   ,   . .: ,  (. 1925)   1 ,  2 ,  3 .

###_Toc530972944

         
      (OWL - Quality of Working Life)
        ,      1960- .   . .:      ,   ,     . 

###_Toc530972945

       
      (Quango)
       ,   "  ".    ,      .    :   "   "    .    -     .        (   XVIII .)         ,       ,     .        .

###_Toc530972946

       
      (Quartiles)
      , ,    25 %       .

###_Toc530972947

       
      (Quorum)
        ,   ,  ,       ,   .

###_Toc530972948

       
      (Quota)
      ,       -  .

###_Toc530972949

       
      (Keiretsu)
                 " ",  -    ,      /      .  -  ,       ,   .       ,      ,      .      ,  Dai, Ichi, Kangyo, Fuyo, Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sanwa  Sumitomo.
             .    ,      ,   " ",    .     ,  ,  ,          .      ,      " ":  Chrysler     Mazda,      Sumitomo,              . 
            ,  ,  " "  Canon, Sony, Toyota.         ,                  .

###_Toc530972950

       
      (Cybernetics)
         ,       , .      .

###_Toc530972951

       
      (Cyberspace)
        ,          ,   .    ,     . .:    .

###_Toc530972952

        
      (China Mentality)
      ,  .     ,    , ,       ,         .    ,       (   ).

###_Toc530972953

      " " 
      (Chinese Walls)

             ""   ,    . ,     ,  ,    ,    .   " "   ,   ,        .  ,   ""   ;   ,   ,       "",       ,     .

###_Toc530972954

       ( ) 
      (KK - Kabushiki Kaisha)
       ,  Plc, Inc, SA,   . . 

###_Toc530972955

      ""  
      (Graveyard Shift)
       .

###_Toc530972956

         
      (ACORN - A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods)
          39           .          .

###_Toc530972957

        
      (Class Action)
        (   ,  ),      .

###_Toc530972958

       
      (Cluster)
      1.   (  ),   ,       ,      . 2.          ,      ,      .         ,        .

###_Toc530972959

       
      (Cluster Analysis)

        ,           .    ,    . ,              ,      (      ,         ).

###_Toc530972960

       
      (Custometising)
      .: .

###_Toc530972961

       
      (Customerised) 
              ,   . , "      ".      ,    ?

###_Toc530972962

        
      (Clearing Bank)
        .

###_Toc530972963

        
      (Clearing House)
      ,          (     ).

###_Toc530972964

       
      (Clone)
        (     )  ,      .          ,   ""            IBM,        . : .

###_Toc530972965

       
      (Club)
        .

###_Toc530972966

        
      (Core Workers)
      ,      .    ""    .          ,    ,    (  ).       ,         ,    ;          -        .        ,         ,        ;            .        (    ) ,  ,    ,  ,  ,   ,      . .: -.

###_Toc530972967

         
      (KFS - Key Factors for Success)
      ,              .                 / . .: .

###_Toc530972968

        
      (Day Book)
          "". 1.       . 2.   ,           ,    ,         , ,        .

###_Toc530972969

       ,   
      (Bought Ledger)
               ,  .

###_Toc530972970

       
      (Ring)
       ,        .

###_Toc530972971

        
      (Team Career, Career Team)
      .:  .

###_Toc530972972

       ()  
      (Teamwork)
       ,    ,    :     ,   .         ,   ,     ,      .         ,   .       ,   ,          ,  " ".             . .:  . .

###_Toc530972973

        
      (Team Player)
      ,           ,      .

###_Toc530972974

        
      (Team Worker)
         ,        . .      ,       ,     .         .

###_Toc530972975

          
      (CAGR - Compound Annual Growth Rate)
         ,     .

###_Toc530972976

        
      (Trading Profit)
      ,            .

###_Toc530972977

        
      (Commercial Paper)
          ;   .      .

###_Toc530972978

        
      (Trade Debtors)
      ,         . 

###_Toc530972979

        
      (Trade Investment)
               ,   ,    .

###_Toc530972980

        
      (Trade Creditors)
      ,  -      .

###_Toc530972981

        
      (Commercial Bank)
      ,     ,        . :  .

###_Toc530972982

        
      (Trade Credit)
         - 30- ( 60-  90-)    . 

###_Toc530972983

        
      (Trade Cycle)
      .:   ,  .

###_Toc530972984

         
      (Communicopia)
      ,    ,     ( ). .:  .

###_Toc530972985

       
      (Companyism)
      ,  .              .  , ""  -      ,    ,   .

###_Toc530972986

       " " 
      (Blue Chips Company)
       ,    .    " ".     ,          .       ,       ; " " -   .

###_Toc530972987

      ,     
      (Listed Company)
      ,                 .

###_Toc530972988

          
      (Limited Company)
       ()        ,   ,        , -   ,      . : ,      ( ).

###_Toc530972989

      
      (Compensation)
        ,       (    ).    ,   ,    ,      .

###_Toc530972990

        
      (Compensating Balance)
      ,        (  ). .  ,      ,       ,      .   ,   ,      ,   .

###_Toc530972991

        
      (Packeged Compensation)
          ( )    ( ). 

###_Toc530972992

      -  
      (CIE - Computer Integrated Engineering)
      .: - .

###_Toc530972993

      -  
      (CIM - Compter Integrated Manufacturing)
            ,   : , ,  ,   ,    ,   ,   ,     .  -        ""     .    ,       ,    ,         . ,       ,      .    -      ,  ,    "". .:  -,        "".

###_Toc530972994

        
       (CULS - Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock)
           ,       ,    ;   ,   . 

###_Toc530972995

        
      (Convertible Bond/Loan Stock)
      ,          .   ,    .

###_Toc530972996

         
      (Convertible Preference Shares)
       ,                  .    .  ,       .        ,  .  ,     .        ,   .          ,     .    .

###_Toc530972997

       
      (Conglomerate)
      ,     ,  ,       .    ,  , Mitsubishi, Raytheon, BTR, Hanson.
                     .  1950 .   150 ( 200)      -   .  1985 .        ( 70).        ,    ,        .    ""    ,     ,         .  ,          ,        .
             ,            (, ,      ).         ,          ,         .   -  Hanson,          .  Hanson         ,   ,      .       Hanson     -   .      Mitsubishi,           ,      ,           .          ,         (  ),       ,     .
      ,        /   ,   ,         ,    ,    " ".   ""  ""       .     , ,    -           (   "")      "".           .        ,  Textron, Polly Peck  Maxwell Communications,      . 

###_Toc530972998

      ,    
      (Garage-shop Competitor)
       ,       ""   (   ),     20-30% ,     .     -  ,     .    ,      "  "   ?

###_Toc530972999

        
      (Competitive Advantage)
          ,      .     ,    -      ,         ,    ,  . 
         ,                  (         ).
        (  )       (        ),       ,         . 
         (   ) -      (   )    .   ,          ,   (  )     .      (  ), ,       .

###_Toc530973000

      ,    
      (Time-based Competition, Competition Time-based)
      ,  ,   ,                 .  -           .        -       ,      -  .   -  ,   , -    . ,       ( ),      ,      ,      .          ""    -     .     ,          - . 
         ,    ,   ,      ,       .    -     IBM Credit,          ,     .   -      90 .                       ,         .  ,    "", ,    (. -.  . .  "  :        " (George Stalk, Thomas M. Hout, Competing Against Time: How Time-Based Competition is Reshaping Global Markets), - ""   Honda  Yamaha   1980- .  ""       . Honda  60      ,   113      18   Yamaha     . 
       ,    Yamaha, ""    . .   .    " 0,05  5",  : "     0,05%  5%    "",   ".  ,  95% ,            ,  .  ,           20-200 !
                .    ,   ,   ,      "".      ,   !

###_Toc530973001

        
      (Beauty Contest)
              - .

###_Toc530973002

        
      (Consignment, Goods on Consignment)
      ,         ,     .

###_Toc530973003

       
      (Consolidation)
      1.        ,      . 2.     ,     ,  ,   ""  . 3.     .

###_Toc530973004

         
      (Consolidated Accounts)
              .      ,       .

###_Toc530973005

       
      (Consortium)
       ,      ,      ;     . ,  ,   ,        (   ),         . ,              .      ,      . 

###_Toc530973006

        
      (Consortium Bid)
        ,     .      ,          ,       .

###_Toc530973007

        
      (Constructive Dismissal)
      ,     ,    ;      ,      .

###_Toc530973008

       
      (Contract)
           .

###_Toc530973009

        
      (Control, Control Company)
      ,     ,         50%.

###_Toc530973010

        
      (QC - Quality Control)
             ,      .    -   , ,         ,         ,              .    ,       ,        -     , -  .     , , , "  ".

###_Toc530973011

        
      (Benchmark)
                ,       (  . .).                       ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530973012

        () 
      (Benchmarking)
           1990- . (, ,    ).   -    ,        ,      .    ,   ( )    ,       ,  ,         -  .                          .        , ,   ,   ""    .
        Arthur Andersen   -      ,    , ,     ,   ,      .             ,           ,   . 
               ""    ""   .     .
        () 

      - ,      15 , -        . ,                        ,     .           ,         .       ()   ,   -       ,        .          ,       .
          ().
                       (    . .)             ,  .     ,        (  )     ,       .
         (). 

          ,     ,      (   ),         .
             :
        (   );
         ,                ;
         ,           ,   ;
             ,  ,    ,   ;
                    ;
        .
                       : -,  - (,    1990- .   ),      .       " ", . .      .       ,      .          ,      ,       .

###_Toc530973013

        
      (Control Sample)
           (, , ),       .

###_Toc530973014

       
      (Concentration)
              . ,           : 75%       ,         .      ,  -  ,    ""  "5" .       .
                ,    -    , ,       ,  .     ,       ,  80%   ,            (,   40%, 25%  15%). 

###_Toc530973015

        
      (Accruals Concept)
        ,        ,         ,   ,    .

###_Toc530973016

        
      (Prudence Concept)
         :  ,  .

###_Toc530973017

         
      (Going Concern Concept)
         :     ,       .

###_Toc530973018

       
      (Concert Party)
         ( ) ,    ,   -      ,    . .: " ".

###_Toc530973019

       (CO-OP)
                 ,    ,     .       ,   ,  ,     .            ,        . ,   ,        -     ,       .       ,    . 

###_Toc530973020

       
      (ompany Worker)
          . .

###_Toc530973021

        
      (Penny Shares)
      ,   .    ,     30  ,     .          (  ,      ).        ,    ,    "" ;       ,          .      , ,   .    . 

###_Toc530973022

          
      (CPR - Core Process Re-design)
         -.

###_Toc530973023

        
      (Basket, Basket of Currencies)
          (    ),      ( )   .

###_Toc530973024

        
      (Brown Goods)
      ,      ,    ,    (). .:     .

###_Toc530973025

        
      (Short Position)
        ,    ,    ,    ,         ,     .        ,     ,     ,       .     ,  ,     - . :  . 

###_Toc530973026

        
      (Fast Track)
      1.    ,     . 2.        .

###_Toc530973027

        
      (Corporate Culture)
      .: .

###_Toc530973028

        
      (Corporate Responsibility)
               ,    .          ,          ,    -  " ".          ,         .   "" .  ""      ,     ,     . 
              ,              .     "",   - "".     ,      (      )  ,     .   ,          (    ),           (       ). 
        , , ,    , ,  . ,    ,     ,     ;  ,         .         ?   ,         .     ,   ,    ,      . .: .

###_Toc530973029

        
      (Corporate Religion)
       , , , ,   ,  ,   ""  .       ,    :   ,        10%,   - 20%    - 50%    .         ,  ""     ,   .   ""   ,         :
                  ;
           ;
         ;
          ;
         ,    . 
       ,     ,     ,     .  ,    , : Apple, The Body Shop, British Airways, Ikea, Marks & Spencer, Mars, McKinsey, Microsoft, Nike, Sony  Virgin. .: ,   .

###_Toc530973030

        
      (Corporate Strategy)
      1.       -           .  ,     -           ,     ,    . ,    ,    ,      . 2.  " "       ,  ,       - (.:  - (  )).             ,     (, , ),   ,    , ,          .  ,     -    (  )   .   -  .      ,   .  -   ,  ,     ,  . .:    "". 

       ,    -      .   -  ,        .         ,           . 

###_Toc530973031

        
      (Corporate Venturing)

          ,    .            ,         .       ,      20%   .  , ,     ,        1988 . 6% (34   ),   1989 .   4%.         ,      .     ,      ,    .     .          ,        ,         .            ,   ,     .

###_Toc530973032

        
      (Corporate Planning)
        1970- .,    ,  ,         .        ,     ,          ,       . .,   ,                       ,      .  ,   ,  ,        .
       , ,        .     ,      "".  -  ,    .   ,    ,   .  -   ,    .

###_Toc530973033

        
      (Corporate Finance)
        ,      ""   , ,         .

###_Toc530973034

        
      (Corporate Identity)
       ,    ,  (  ) ,  ,   , ,  (,    Avis: "  ").         -.   .  ,             ,         .       ,          ,   ,    ,      ,    ,   .   ,    ,    , ,    ,          ,   ,     ?

###_Toc530973035

        
      (Raider, Corporate Raider)
         ,         -         .  ,     ""  ,            .    " ".

###_Toc530973036

         
      (Corporate Rain Dance)
      ,             ,    ,   . .:    .

###_Toc530973037

       
      (Correlation)
       ,       .     . ,         ,        ;     -  .

###_Toc530973038

        
      (Indirect Tax)
        ,      .

###_Toc530973039

          
      (Quoted Company)
      ,        .

###_Toc530973040

       
      (Trough)
        ,  .

###_Toc530973041

      ""  
      (Cottage Industry)
        ,            ; ,        . .:  .

###_Toc530973042

        
      (Quick Ratio)
           ,       .   -  .

###_Toc530973043

        
      (Payout Ratio)
               (   ).

###_Toc530973044

       "/ " 
      (Debt to Total Funding Ratio)
       ,       .   "/ ".          .

###_Toc530973045

       "/ " 
      (Debt to Equity Ratio)
            .    "" ().          (  ,   ) - ,    . .  ,          "/ ",      ,     : "     ,     -   ,   ,    ,      ".   ,    "".

###_Toc530973046

        
      (Correlation Coefficient)

       ,     -1  +1,   ; -1      ; +1 -    ; 0 -   .   ,      0,7,        .

###_Toc530973047

         
      (Burden Rate)
          ,     .        . .: -,     .

###_Toc530973048

         
      (Stockturn, Stock-Turnover Stock-Turnover Ratio)
         ,       ;   .

###_Toc530973049

         
      (Debt Service Ratio)

        ,               .     .

###_Toc530973050

         
      (Repeat Purchase, Repeat Purchase Rate)
        , ,    ,      ,    .      .    ,  , ,    (      ),      . ,         . .:  . 

###_Toc530973051

       "/" 
      (Advance/Decline Ratio)

       ,     ,         .     ,      -   .

###_Toc530973052

         
      (Asset Cover)
       ,    .

###_Toc530973053

       "   " 
      (Market to Book Value)
        ,     .     ,     "   ",      . ,    ,      ,     .       ,   -  ,           (,      )          . C.:   /,  .

###_Toc530973054

         
      (Current Ratio)
        ,     .       (. .     ()    1,00).   , ,      .     ,       12 ,          .        ,      ,   10       .      ,         1,00      .

###_Toc530973055

        
      (Tobin Q)
         ,           . C.:   /,

###_Toc530973056

        
      (Retention Rate)
             . ,    $5   (  )      $2 ,    3/5,  60%.

###_Toc530973057

       "/" 
      (PD, P/D RATIO, PDR - Price Dividend Ratio)
        ,    ,        .

###_Toc530973058

        
      (Red Tape)
             . .: .

###_Toc530973059

        
      (Red Goods)
           .

###_Toc530973060

        
      (Short-term Loan)
      ,     12 .

###_Toc530973061

         
      (Shorts)
        ,        5 . 

###_Toc530973062

       
      (Short-term)
        ,  - .

###_Toc530973063

       
      (Credit)
      1. ,      . 2.            ,   .

###_Toc530973064

           
      (Instalment Credit)
            .      ,         ,                 .

###_Toc530973065

        
      (Credit Card)
       ,       . :     .

###_Toc530973066

        
      (Credit Line)
           ,   .

###_Toc530973067

        
      (Credit Union)
       ,       .         $ 100 .

###_Toc530973068

        
      (Credit Note)
      ,       ,      .

###_Toc530973069

        
      (Accounts Payable)
      ,           .

###_Toc530973070

       
      (Creditors)
      ,    ,     ,       .

###_Toc530973071

       "" 
      (Fortress Europe)
               ,      ,     -    ,              ,  ,  ,         .      !

###_Toc530973072

        
      (Gaussian Curve)
           ,    .

###_Toc530973073

        
      (Yield Curve)
      ,           ,       .   ,   ,        .   -    ,    ,      .

###_Toc530973074

         
      (Normal Curve)
       ,    ,     ,    ""    .

###_Toc530973075

        
      (Learning Curve)
        .

###_Toc530973076

        
      (Experience Curve)
            -     . ,      1926 .   " ".     ,         (. .  )         20%.  "   "      ,     -  -     ,  ,     ,       .           (  ),        (    ).
           ,   1960-1970- .             70-80%     .       -       ,  ,     .       . 10.
                   ,         . ,  -          ,       .        ,      ,           ( , ,    ),     ,    .          .
                  ,    ( )            -       "/"       "/".
      

$$$image/10.jpg

      
. 10.  "/".(: Automobile Manufacturer's Assotiation, BCG Analysis)
      

$$$image/11.jpg

      
. 11.  "/"   "/"
       . 11  80-   "/" (,     ,            20%),   "/"           .         (      );   ,    ,      ;         ,   ,     80-   "/".
           "/"      ,      ,       ,          ,      .          , ,       ,   .     ,     ,   "" .
       ,     ,       "/",    (     )   . -,        ,  -,      . ,  ,      ,      ,    (        ),       ( , ,      ). ,             ,     ,           ,     .
           (Honda  .)   , -, "      " , -, "     ".                . 
                , ,          .  ,         .   1970- .          ,      .         ,         ( ,       - -   ),      .          -   ,   ,  "  "  -    " " 1980- .  " " 1990- .

###_Toc530973077

         
      (Failure Rate Curve)
             .   " ",        U.          ("  "),     ,       ("  ").

###_Toc530973078

       J 
      (J-curve)
         ,   ,    -  (, , ),      . .: " ".

###_Toc530973079

       S
       (S-Curve)
      ,     S:   ,       .       ,             .             -    . , ,           1%,   - 2%,    - 4,5%.             
      f/(f-1),
       f -    (  , . . 1% = 0,01); 
      1- f -      (1 - 0, 01 = 0,99);
      f/(1 - f) = 0, 0101.
          2% - f/(1 - f) = 0,02/0,98 = 0,0204.
           .     .           (   )      .
        (   )             . , ,  40%              .  ,     60%.        1,0 (100%),  0,6.     s.  ,     f/s-f. 
           1%    
      0,01/(0,6-0,01) = 0,1695.

               ,      . 

###_Toc530973080

       
      (Slump)
         .    ?

###_Toc530973081

        
      (Crisis Manager)
         ,    .

###_Toc530973082

      ,  
      (Crosby, Philip)
       ,    .

###_Toc530973083

      - 
      (Cross-rate)
         ,               (,   ).

###_Toc530973084

      - 
      (Cross-subsidisation)
            ,   .   ,   . .:      .

###_Toc530973085

        
      (Circular Transaction)
            ,       ,    .

###_Toc530973086

        
      (QC - Quality Circles)
                    ,       ,      .   ,       ;      ,      .          ,         ,  "    ".     ,         . .: ,  (. 1900), ,  (. 1904)  .

###_Toc530973087

       
      (Crash)
           .

###_Toc530973088

       
      (Krugerrand)
        .

###_Toc530973089

       
      (Xerography)
          .   ,  - (Xerox Corporation)     ,   ,    (    ) .   ,      (  1970- .),  /  Xerox   35,         / = 6,8.  ,   Xerox   ""       "". .:  .

###_Toc530973090

       
      (Culture)
        " " ,       ,          .             ;             ,  -  .          . .       . ,        .     : 
       ()  ;
            ;
        ;
        ()    (); 
             ;
        ;
      ?   ;
      ""  "" ;
           .
          ,             .    ,        . C.: .   .  "    " (Wake Up & Shake Up Your Company, 1993)  "  " (Seven Cultures of Capitalism) . -  . . .:  .

###_Toc530973091

        
      (Organisational Culture)
      .: .

###_Toc530973092

      ,    
      (Task Culture)
      ,  .       ,   .            ,       .     ,     ,       .      ,   ,        ,  ,       .         "",   .    ,        ,       (   )    .

###_Toc530973093

         
      (Cumulative Preference Share)
        ,              .

###_Toc530973094

      "-" 
      (Byu-out)
      .:  "-".

###_Toc530973095

       
      (Buy-in)
      1. .:  "-". 2.     , ,    . ,        ,    .

###_Toc530973096

       
      (Coupon)
      1.    ,   . 2. ,    .

###_Toc530973097

         
      (Issue Price)
      ,          .

###_Toc530973098

        
      (Coockie Cutter)
       .  ,    . .:  .

###_Toc530973099

      ,  (. 1950) 
      (Campbell, Andrew)
        ,    McKinsey,     .      ,   (  . )       ""   .    " " (A Sense of Mission, 1990) ,    ,   ,    ,  ,     :    . ,     ,          .       ,      . .: .

###_Toc530973100

      

###_Toc530973101

       
      (Leverage)
      .: .

###_Toc530973102

      ,  (1903-1981) 
      (Likert, Rensis)
       , ,      ,     .    :  1,  2,  3   4.
        :  .
       :  ,   .
      :     (  ),   -     ().
      :    ,        (          ).
      .  ,   4   .        5,      . 

###_Toc530973103

      ,  
      (Lewin, Kurt)
       ,   ,   ,    ,     1932 .     , ,       "",     "".      ,   - (.:     ). .      " "  (-)   (-).   -   " "   "".  -, ,      ,      .             .        ,  ,       .     (   )       , ,   ,       .  ,              .  ,    ,  ( .  )       ,      ,    ,   ""  .  ,          ,   ,   -      ,   ,  ,    ,  .     ,     (    ).       .    -? .:  .

###_Toc530973104

      ,  (. 1925) 
      (Levitt, Theodore)
      ,   ,  ,    .    0 (1960),     500 000 .   ,      " ",    " ",    " ",   " ". .  ,        ,        .   "",      ,    ,     ,     .         Ford   ( General Motors  Ford   ,     ,        ). .         ,  ,   -    , "  ".     "",   ,      ,    ,     .     -   ,   ,   -  .
      .     ,      .    , ,         .      , ,   ,  , .                 ? ,          ,      .      Penn Central  ,     .    ,    .   .      . .      ,     ,        ,     .

###_Toc530973105

        
      (Left Brain Processes)
       :    (   ,   ,   ).  ,      (. ),   ,        ;   ,        " ".         : . , .    . .

###_Toc530973106

        
      (Knowkedge Ladder)

      ,               .

###_Toc530973107

       
      (LIBOR - London Iinterbank Offired Rate)
           .   "lie-bore" ().     ,       .

###_Toc530973108

      T,  
      (Leavitt, Harold J.)
       ,   ,        .   " " (Managerial Psyschology, 1978)        
      .             .        - " " (Corporate Pathfinders),    .         ( 1,  2,  3 ). .:      .

###_Toc530973109

       
      (Leader)
      1.    . 2. ,        . 3. ,    .

###_Toc530973110

        
      (Market Leader)
      ,      -  -.   . .:  .

###_Toc530973111

        
      (Leadership Network)
      ,  .  (           ),   , . . ,   .         ,       .

###_Toc530973112

       
      (Leadership)
      1.    ;     ,  ,      .        ,      .    ,       (    : .  ).   (   )      ,      ""  .   ,  ,     ,    -  .       .     ,   ""   :       -         .  ,          .    ,    ,         ,     .     ,      .             ,   .    "  "   .       " "    ,      , . .        . 2.      ,        . 3.         ,         (   ""   ).

###_Toc530973113

         
      (Price Leadership)

      ,          ,  (  - )   .     , ,     .       :      ,      .

###_Toc530973114

        
      (Opinion Leaders)

       ,   ( ),     .          .

###_Toc530973115

       
      (Liquidator, Receiver)
           ,    .

###_Toc530973116

       
      (Liquidate, Liquidation)

        ,    ,         .

###_Toc530973117

       
      (Liquidity)
      1.      .2.           . 3.  ""      :   ,          ,        .

###_Toc530973118

        
      (Liquid Assets)
          ,      .

###_Toc530973119

        
      (Linear Programming)
       ,     ,      ,       .        .

###_Toc530973120

       
      (Straight-line)
         . ,  ,         $ 1  $ 2,  ,         $ 1,5.

###_Toc530973121

        
      (Line Manager)
         ,    . ,      " ", . .    ,   ,     .     :  - ()   "  " .     " "  "" . ,     ,      .       ,     ;   -  ,   ,   -,   ,   .   " "  ""  ""          .

###_Toc530973122

        
      (Line of Credit)
           .

###_Toc530973123

       
      (Licensing)
             ,           .  ,   ,  ,   .  ,        1947 .,   1953 .   Sony       Western Electric  $25 .         RCA         . .:   .

###_Toc530973124

        
      (Unleverage)
      1. ,   .     : ,   ,       ,      . 2.   ,  ,        .

###_Toc530973125

       
      (Logistics)
                   , . .     .    ,      ,    . .:  .

###_Toc530973126

        
      (LAN - Local Area Network)
            ,        .

###_Toc530973127

       
      (Lock-out)
      1.  ( )    . 2.        .  .

###_Toc530973128

       
      (Loyality)
           .    . .:      .

###_Toc530973129

         
      (Bonus Issue)
               . .:   .

###_Toc530973130

        
      (Soft Lloan)
      ,     .

###_Toc530973131

       
      (Laptop)
        ,         .      .

###_Toc530973132

      

###_Toc530973133

       
      (Shop)
        .

###_Toc530973134

       
      (Maverick)
       ,      ,       ,     .   -  Apple,       ,  IKEA ( ,   ,   ,      ,          (.:   ). ""      :        .    ,    : "      ?"             ,         .

###_Toc530973135

      ,    
      (Discount Store)
      .: .

###_Toc530973136

       " " 
      (Destination, Destination Retailing)
          (   ),    " ",    "  "   " ".     ,  " "     ,     .          ,        .    " " -   IKEA (),   (.:   ).     ,   ,      ,       ,    -  " "     .  " "            ;        " ",     , . .     ,  ,  ,   ,   . 

###_Toc530973137

        
      (MBA - aster's Degree in Business Administration)
        ,    ,        .  ()   ,  ,     .

          ?       ,   ,       (        1991 .,      ) -           .    ?   ,     ( ,  ),    .   ,     - ,   .          ,          ,        ,        .  ,        ,    ,   - ""  ,         .    ,         ,    :   ,    ,     ,    ,    . , ,     ,     . ,   ?
           -       .       ,       ,   ,   -   ,   ,   ,     .

###_Toc530973138

      ,  (1906-1964) 
      (McGregor, Douglas)
         ,    ,     :        .        :  X   Y.   ,           (   "  "). ,   Y,        ,       . .        ,     ,    . 
        X  Y      .     ,    Y,  -   - ? 
       .  .   ,    Y   ,      ,     ;    ,    .  ,     :  Y -    ,   .   " " ,      ,   .    Y           : IKEA, Sony, Toshiba, Toyota, Hewlett Packard, Apple, Microsoft. 
      .    ,     . .: .

###_Toc530973139

       
      (McKinsey)
      ,      .   ,   .     . ,   ,   . ,   1930- .   McKinsey  -    ,      ( )  . McKinsey   , "   ",  ,         .   ""    1960- .,   1970- . -      . Mcinsey     " "   1980- .,     .   . .  McKinsey     . ,    .    . ,     McKinsey,        .   Mcinsey  , ,       ,     -    .

###_Toc530973140

       ()  
      (Profit Maximisation, Profit Optimisaton)
       ?     ,       ,    .   "  "  ,       ,        .
         ?  ,      ,   .     ?         ,     30 ?      ,    ,           ,      .
         ,     (   ) ,         .           (.:        ).
       , ,          ,      (.:  ,  , ).

###_Toc530973141

        
      (Small is Beautiful)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973142

        
      (Small Firm)
         ,    , .     ""      .

###_Toc5309731421

          
      (SME - Small and Medium-sized Enterprises)
          ,        . .: .

###_Toc530973143

        
      (Merger Mania)
       (    1986-1990 .),     () ,      ( ,    ).

###_Toc530973144

       
      (Margin)
               ,    .

###_Toc530973145

       
      (Marketising)
            ,         ( )   ( ) .

###_Toc530973146

       
      (Marketing)

            ,     ,    .

###_Toc530973147

        ,   
      (Niche Marketing, Niche Strategy)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973148

      - 
      (Marketing Mix)
        : 
      1)  (Product) ,  , , ;
      2)  (Pricing);
      3)     (Promotion);
      4)  (Place) (     ).

          -            .

###_Toc530973149

      - 
      (Marketing Led)
        1950- .     "-" .        ,      .   1960- . .        "  ",            ,      , .       .  1980-  1990- .      .
                      ,       ,    .   ,         ,      .  :     ,                 ,              . .:  .

###_Toc530973150

       
      (Market Maker)
      ,   ,     , ,   , . . ,  " "  .

###_Toc530973151

        
      (Brand Premium)
          (    ),      -      (          (  ).             .       ,     . .:  .

###_Toc530973152

        
      (Brand Equity)
        . .:   .       ( ) ,          ,         ?       ,     .

###_Toc530973153

      ,  (1908-1970) 
      (Maslow, Abraham)
         ,         ,       ,    ,    .        ,  ,      .    ,    ,                . .       ,     . .: ,  (1906-1964)    .

###_Toc530973154

       ,   
      (Mass Manufacturing, Mass Marketing)
             .   . .:  .         ,     ""  ,   " ".

###_Toc530973155

        
      (Scale, Scale Firm)
      ,    ,         . .:    . ,      ,  .

###_Toc530973156

       
      (Monitor-evaluator)
      ,   2 ,    " " .     ,         .

###_Toc530973157

        
      (Tangible Fixed Asset)

      , ,   , . . ,      "". 

###_Toc530973158

        
      (Parent Company, Parent)
            .  -        , .  "".  ""         "", ,     (,   )   , ,  "" ,      "".

###_Toc530973159

        
      (Ansoff Matrix)
         . 12,        . 
       1.          -     .      ,      , ,     ,     ,   .
       2.   (  )        . , ,  ,      ,        ,   ,             ,   ,        . (.:  .)
       3.         .   ,          .          (,    ),       ,       , ,   .
       4.     .   :  ,    ,      ,  ,    .  ,    4                   ,     .
      

$$$image/12.jpg

      
. 12.  

###_Toc5309731591

        "/"
      (Opportunity/Vulnerability Matrix)
            ,    .     1970- -  1980- .  Bain & Company,          The LEK Partnership.  ,  ,      (), -  ,    .    ,          (  ,                 ).  ,      ,    -    ,      ,            .    ()   . 13.
      ,     ,   .                        ( . 18,  80%      ,   20%      ).             (     - -,     ,  ).            - -,     ,     .       ,          .
      

$$$image/13.jpg


      
. 13.  "/"
        ?   ,         :  ,        ,  (     )  .       ,    ;   ,          ,            ,   ,    (      0,7  70%  ).  ,     "/",   :             .     ,    ,   0,3,      0,6,  0,5  1,0,  2,0  4,0.    , ,       "",     ,   . 
            ,    ,        .               (   ,   ).   , : ()         ()    " " (  )  . 
            ,     80% ,    "" ( ),  ,    20% ,    .       . 14. 
             20% ( ),        (  0,3,  30%  ).     ,       ,     . ,  ,       . ,           (  )       ,      ( ).     ?  , ,   "",             40%. -,      (   ),         ""  .
      

$$$image/14.jpg

      
. 14.  "/".      ""
       ,        20%?         ,      ,    . (      ,            -   .) ,       ,     ,  ,     .
         ,     (  ),      .        8% -    ,    .       ,            40%,   8% -   .      ,     ,     .         (    -),          ,     ,      .         , ,     ,     .     ,     .      ,  ,      ,     ,             .

###_Toc530973160

        
      (BCG Matrix)
           -    ,            .     -   ( "/ "),         ,        (. . 15).
      

$$$image/15.jpg

      
. 15.  Engulf&Devour, Plc.  "/ "
            ,            . , ,   Engulf & Devour  40%   ,    -  10%,    () Engulf & Devour  400%  4,0.      Engulf & Devour  5% ,    - 10%,  Engulf&Devour  50%,  0,5.  ,     (, 20%),    ,    ,      =0,30,      60%,   10,0,    ,      2% .
                  .             (   )    ,    .       ,            . , ,   Engulf & Devour  40%   ,    -  10%,    () Engulf & Devour  400%  4,0.      Engulf & Devour  5% ,    - 10%,  Engulf&Devour  50%,  0,5.  ,     (, 20%),    ,    ,      =0,30,      60%,   10,0,    ,      2% .

                  .             (   )    ,    .
       ,       ,     (     )     .    ,    ,      (  ),     ,    ,     , , ,    ,     ,    .  ,   ,   .
      , ,       ,           ,  ,     . ,    ,        ,      ,      ,     ,    ,      .        ,       . 
       ,              ,       . -     ,        -   .      ,    -     ,     ,        ,        (.:  "/").
                -  ,  . , ,   -      . ,            .        ,        "/ " ,      ,         ,   ,        ,     .   , ,  :      -,                .       .  -    ,     .    ,        ,  ,   ,    . 
                      -.      ,      . ,           ,       ,   ""   ""      ,   ,          . , ,   ,    ,          .              ,   "". .:      -.
           - ,           .  ,           ,     .
           :   ?  ,         (     10%  )   .      ,           .  . -,    ,       . -,          (    ),        ,      . 

         ,         (. . 16). 
            "  " (        -      ),      ,     .       . ""    "", " "  ,  ,            , ,     .
           "": ,      .   ,    ,   -    "" (   )     .    ,     ,         .  ""   ,        " " (    )       "".
      

$$$image/16.jpg

      
. 16.  "/ ".  
          ,     ""      ,     ""     .
           " " -        .  " ", ,   .       , " "      "".   ,           " "   ,  "",   " " (),     " " (       ). , ,   ,  " "    " " - ,       (     )  ,     .   ,         (      ), -   ,      . 
         - " ". "" - ,       .  ,        -  ,        "".          ,  ,      .
           -     "".   ""       ,        - .   ,  ""    "  "          ""        .      ,    ""     ""? ,  ,  0,7?(70%  )    ,   -           ,  0,3. 

      ,    ,     ""  ,     ,  ""  "  ".
         "/ "        (    ).            (      ).              (. 17). 
            ,    (. . 18):
      

$$$image/17.jpg

      
. 17.  "/ ".   
      

$$$image/18.jpg

      
. 18.  "/ ".    
           (, ,   )  "  ".      "",           ,       .
           ,      "".   ""     "" ( ),      ""   ,     . 
       ,  ""    " ".   ""           .      ,  :   " "    ,      ,        .       " "   . 
         "",       . ,     ,     ,   ""  ""   ,        . 
             (     )     -   ,        .    ,   -  ,          .           -,           .  ,     ,    ,  - (,      ""),           . , -       . 
             (     ) -   ,         . .:  ,    .               ,     ,       .   , ,  ,  ,            .   .   .  ,        ,      .   ,      ,     :     ,   -   . ,      ,           .        ,   ,     .
        -       .   1970- .           ;      .      . ,         ,    .

###_Toc530973161

       "/" 
      (Product-market Matrix)
       . 2.  .

###_Toc530973162

       "/ " 
      (Growth/Share Matrix)
         ,   , ,      ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530973163

       "/" 
      (Growth/Growth Matrix)
      ,          -      (. 19). 
      

$$$image/19.jpg

      
.19.  "/"
       . 20,             (  )    ( 3, 5  10 ).   (),     -  McKinsey,  ,     (,     ).       BCG     ,   ,   .
      

$$$image/20.jpg

      
. 20.   "/"    
       ,    "/"      ,        .
        "/"    ,       ,       . 

###_Toc530973164

         
      (Directional Policy Matrix)
          ,    

###_Toc530973165

        
      (Matrix, Matrix Management, Matrix Organisation)
       ,          (     ).    ,          (  )     .      ,    ,       .       1980- .;      .  ,       . , ,             ,           ,  ,   -   .         ,     . .: ,  (. 1917)

###_Toc530973166

        
      (Matrix Pricing)

        ,         ,     .    ,         ,       ,      ,       .      ,    .

###_Toc530973167

      ,  
      (Matsushita, Konosuke)
            ,    .          ,        .   :
      "      ,        .        ,       .           .          ,    .  -    ".
       .    .      ,   ,    ,   1985 .    :
      " ()  ,    .      ,        .      ;    ,   .       ,   ,    ,   .           .    ,       ".

###_Toc530973168

       
      (Bear)
        ,             . : .

###_Toc530973169

        
      (Bear Hug)
      ,   ,  ,         .

###_Toc530973170

        
      (Bear Position)

         ,   , . .   ,    ,    ,      ,       "",         .      (. .      ,   ).

###_Toc530973171

       
      (Median)

           ,     . ,   10, 12, 13, 50  88   13,    - 34,6.        (  ),     . 

###_Toc530973172

        
      (Interbank Market)
      ,      .

###_Toc530973173

       
      (Mezzanine, Mezzanine Debt)
          ,            .      "-"  "-". ,  ,   ,  ,    ,  ,    .     ,    "-"       10%,   - 18%,          35% (,   ).    ,          .      ,     ,     .

###_Toc530973174

       
      (Petty Cash)
        ( )   .

###_Toc530973175

       
      (Memo)
           ;   .       .

###_Toc530973176

         
      (Memorandum of Association)
       ,   ,     .

###_Toc530973177

       
      (Management)
          "  ".    ,       .   ,  ,   ?     ? .: ,         .

###_Toc530973178

        
      (Change Management)
              .             :                1970  1992 .  .                     ,              .   ,  ,         "" ,        ,       :        ,      .                  .  ,      ,  ,     ,            .          .      ,     ,      .

###_Toc530973179

        
      (Acousition Management)
      .:   .

###_Toc530973180

         
      (Space Management)

           ,          .

###_Toc530973181

       -- 
      (Middle-Up-Down Manager)
            .             - .      ,      .           -    ,      ,         .

###_Toc530973182

         
      (Middle Manage)
        ,       .         ,  .   . . .      ""  150 :    ? ...

###_Toc530973183

        
      (Raider Mentality)
       ,    ,        (), ,  ,     . ,       ,       -      ( ,  " "   ).

###_Toc530973184

        
      (Doom Loop)
         ,     .  . 21    .     ,    ,     .       ,      ,    ,     .    -    ,        .  ,               ,      ,        .
      

$$$image/21.jpg

      
. 21.    
       ,   ,                ,         . :  . 

###_Toc530973185

      "" , ""  
      (Stalemate, Stalemated Market)
      ""   ,    ,      .   ( , . ) ,               .   ,        ,              .    - ,    . ,    - ,   ,     .      ""      ,  , ,        ?  "" ,     ,   .

###_Toc530973186

         
      (Slot in the Brain)
             " "   ,  ,     , , ,      Avis: " ,   ". .:  .

###_Toc530973187

         
      (Shelf Space)
      ,       (    ).      -      .                   (    ),      "  "  .

###_Toc530973188

        
      (Machine Tools)

         ,    ,       .   ,   ( )        ,        .

###_Toc530973189

         
      (Brainstorming)

           ,   ,      ,    , ,      .    ,      ,        .

###_Toc530973190

       - 
      (Monte-Carlo Technique)
          ,    "  " (. .     ).             ,     ,         .  ,            (     )  .       ,      ,  -     : ,      .

###_Toc530973191

           
      (PERT - Programme Evaluation and Review Technique)
      .:  .   -      (1958)   .

###_Toc530973192

        
      (Equity Method)
            ,      -       ,      ,        .

###_Toc530973193

         
      (Thurstone's Comparative Judgment Technique)

        ,   ,    - ,    . , " ", "  ", "", "  ", " ".

###_Toc530973194

        
      (Taguchi Methodology)

       ,    .    ,           .

###_Toc530973195

          
      (Valuation Methods)
             :   ,    ,        ,      (           ,   ).       ()         (.:   P/E).         ,  ()     .       ,           .        .

###_Toc530973196

       J 
      (KJ Method)
          ,         ,       .     KJ  :                 ,    .     ,       ,          .  ,     ,    .

###_Toc530973197

        
      (Mechanistic Organisation)
      ,        ,   .

###_Toc530973198

       
      (Vision)
          ,    ,   .  -  , ,      ,       "  ".
       ""      ,    ,     .  -    ,    .  -   ,   ,   . 
       ""       .      -      . ,    1961 .: "            ".      .    ,  26-     " ",           " ".      (, )  -    " " ,   ,   , 25%         ( ,   ).       -    ,   ,          ,  "   ". .    ,       MKinsey    ,       ,         . .   " ", .    Apple      ,  "    "       .   .
               ,            ""      .  .          .        :   ,     ,           .    ,         " "  . .:  1 ,   .

###_Toc530973199

        
      (Migration Strategy)

        " ":   ( )   .

###_Toc530973200

       
      (Micro-Enterprise)
         2-4 . .: .

###_Toc530973201

          
      (Minimum Stock Level)
      ,        .   .

###_Toc530973202

        
      (Stockholding Model)

          ,    

###_Toc530973203

       
      (Mini-Enterprise)
       .   ,   12-20 . .: .

###_Toc530973204

      ,  (. 1939) 
      (Mintzberg, Henry)
          . ,  ,  ,  ,        .  1973 .       "  " (The Nature of Managerial Work),            " "    -,    .   , , ,                ,        .           ,       , ,      ,      ,     . .    : ",     -       , -       100...   1000  . ,      ,       :       .       ,      ...     XIX .".      ""     ""  (  ). .  ,     -           .      ,     " ",     : " ,    ,     ,      ,   ,     ".       ,  " ": ,      . , ,     -    "" ()  ,      ,  "" () .        . ,     "  " (Mintzberg on Management, 1989),    ,   .    "    " (The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning, 1994)   (  )    .

###_Toc530973205

        
      (Global Village)
        ,    , ,   ,      ,   .

###_Toc530973206

        
      (World Enterprise)
      ,  . ,   ,  1959 .    ,                       ,         .       ,    ,    ,   .        .          -  ,   . .: . ,   ,    ,      .

###_Toc530973207

       
      (Mission)
        ,        .       ,    .            ,     , ,             .  , ""   ,   " ",        .  (Marks & Spencer,  )    ,        . 
         ,      , ,      . 
                   .      ,     ,        : , ,     (. . 22). 
      

$$$image/22.jpg

      
. 22.    (: Campbell, Andrew, Devine, Marion and Young, David (1990) A Sense of Mission, Economist)
                .  Hanson   " ",        ,   ,         (. 23).
        -  Hewlett-Packard,  ,        Hanson,        (. 24).

               ? -,      ,   .         .        ( ,  ).
      

$$$image/23.jpg

      
. 23.     Hanson (: Campbell, Andrew, Devine, Marion and Young, David (1990) A Sense of Mission, Economist)
       ,       ,    ,  ,    ,  , . 
       , ,  ,        ,    .   ,    10%   , 20%      50%   .        .

###_Toc530973208

       
      (Myth, Mythology, Corporate Mythology)
         . 1. ,   ,    ,  ,    . 2.          ,           .
      

$$$image/24.jpg

      
. 24.    Hewlett-Packard (: Campbell, Andrew, Devine, Marion and Young, David (1990) A Sense of Mission, Economist)
              .

###_Toc530973209

       
      (Target)
          ,    ,   ,           .

###_Toc530973210

        () 
      (MNE (MNC)- Multinational Enterprise (Corporation)
      ,     .        ""  - ,     .   ,         . -    ,      . .:    .

###_Toc530973211

        
      (Multi-Business Company)

      ,    ,        . 

###_Toc530973212

       
      (Mode)
           -   ( )     ,      .

###_Toc530973213

           
      (CAPM - Capital Asset Pricing Model)
        (  ) ,       .  ,        : -, ,     , ,    ,     , , -,   ,     .            (" ")  ,     ("",  "",  " "). - (  "")     ,     . - ( "")   ,      ,     .       ,    ,   ,     -  .          ,      . ,     ,          ,      ,      .

###_Toc530973214

       
      (Modelling)
         ,     - ,    ,  .       ,          .    ,          .

###_Toc530973215

        
      (Etzioni Model)
        .           : 
       , , ,  ;
       , , ,   "    ",    ;
       ,     ,     ;
        .
      .    ,  ,      ,           .

###_Toc530973216

        
      (Boutique)
      .: .

###_Toc530973217

       
      (Module)
        ,       .

###_Toc530973218

        
      (Silent Partner)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973219

       
      (Monopoly)
          ,   .       .

###_Toc530973220

      
      (Moratorium)
      ,          . 

###_Toc530973221

       
      (Cause)
           ,       ,                  .      ,            .  ,      : "  -  " (British Airways), "       " (Coca-Cola Shweppes Beverages), " ,  " (Bain & Company).

###_Toc530973222

       
      (Motivation)
      ,   ,    . .: ,  (. 1923), ,  (. 1923),   , ,   (. 1943), ,  (1906-1964), ,  (1908-1970), ,  (1880-1949)  ,  .

###_Toc530973223

         
      (Power Strip)
        ,   ()   ,        (    Toys "R" Us). .:  " ".

###_Toc530973224

        
      (Power Retailer)
      .:      " "

###_Toc530973225

       ,   
      (Multilocals, Multilocal Enterprise, MLC - Multi-local Corporation)
       ,  ,       ( ).            ,         (  )  . .: . .

###_Toc530973226

       
      (Multimedia)

        ,   () , ,    , ""   .

###_Toc530973227

      -  
      (M-Form Organisation)
         .    "  " (Markets and Hierarchies, 1973)   ,     (" ").  .    "- " (-form Society)      ,  ""       . "-"   ,  Fujitsy, Honda, Hitachi, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Nippon Electric, Toshiba, Sharp  Sony. , Matsushita     " ",      ( ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    ).   "-"   : IBM, Apple, DE  Philips.     "-"      ,          .      ,  ,   ,           ,          . ,       "-"     . 

###_Toc530973228

        
      (Bubble Company)

      ,     ,   ,     .

###_Toc530973229

      ,  
      (Magaziner, Ira C.)
       ,      ,   .    "  " (Minding America's Business, 1982),     . ,     ,           .  ,              ,             . .      laissez-faire,   .

###_Toc530973230

      ,  (1880-1949) 
      (Mayo, Elton)
      ,          ,    Western Electric  1927-1932 . .        ,      .         ,      .           . .:  . .  , ,     (       ). 

###_Toc530973231

        
      (Soft Currency)

       .       ,         ,    . 

###_Toc530973232

        
      (Soft Value)
      .:       .

###_Toc530973233

        
      (Soft Benefits)

              - ,    ,    ,       .

###_Toc530973234

      

###_Toc530973235

         
      (Shark Watcher)
      ,      .

###_Toc530973236

        
      (Supervisory Board)
           , ,  ,              . ,         . .: .

###_Toc530973237

         
      (Recruitment)
       ,     ,          . .:        .

###_Toc530973238

         
      (Interpersonal Relationsips, Interpersonal Skills)

             .   ,  95%  ,        ,      .   ,             ?

###_Toc530973239

      "" 
      (Tombstone)
            Financial Times    :    ,  ,  ,   . .

###_Toc530973240

        
      (Homeworking)

      ,      .      .     ,     (, ,  )      .      ,     . 

###_Toc530973241

         
      (Best Fit Approach)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973242

        
      (Job Title)
      ,     "", "-", " "    ,          ?

###_Toc530973243

        
      (Overheads)
       (   , ,  ,  ,    ,  ),         .    ,           .        (    )     .    ,       , ,    . .:  ,  .

###_Toc530973244

        
      (Accumulated Amortisation/Depreciation)
           ,     .

###_Toc530973245

        
      (Accruals)
      ,    ,          .

###_Toc530973246

        
      (On line)
       ,     .

###_Toc530973247

          
      (VAT - Value Added Tax)
             ;  .      .

###_Toc530973248

           
      (CGT - Capital Gains Tax)
      ,     ,     (  ).     ,  . .    1974 .: "        . ,   ,      ,         . C  ,       ,      ,        , . .  ".    ( )   ,           (  ,            ),        (    . ).            .       ,       . 

###_Toc530973249

        
      (Tax Haven)

                           .    ,   , ,  , , ,   (  )  -   .    ,  , , ,        "" .

###_Toc530973250

        
      (Tax Shelter)

       ,  , ,   ,         .    , ,  ,  ,        .

###_Toc530973251

        
      (Tax Point)
         ,  , ,   . 

###_Toc530973252

        
      (Tax Credit)

      ,     , ,        .

###_Toc530973253

        
      (Tax Holiday)
      ,        .

###_Toc530973254

        
      (Tax Loss)
      ,        .

###_Toc530973255

        
      (Taxable Income)

      ,        ,    .

###_Toc530973256

       
      (Heritage)
      ,     . .: . 

###_Toc530973257

       
      (Mentoring)

       - ,     ,  .  ,      ,            .       . 

###_Toc530973258

        
      (Desktop Publishing)

                     .

###_Toc530973259

        
      (Market Saturation)
      ,       ,        ,     ,     . , ,   70%     ,           65%. ,   , ,   .     ,        ,    -  .  , ,  ,      .      ,   -            .

###_Toc530973260

        
      (Management Science)
         ,  -        .

###_Toc530973261

        
      (Knowledge Industry)
      ,          -,    ,     .        

###_Toc530973262

         
      (O&M - Organisation & Methods)
            .    1960-1970- . 

###_Toc530973263

        
      (Scientific Management)
            ,    . .  (1856-1917);      ,    . .    , -      ,         , ,     ,       ,       ""     .         ,    ,        ,  ,          ,      .
          .         .      ,       .      ,          .             "" .      :    ( . )    . ,  . ,       -     ,    ,           .
       .   -             .              .

###_Toc530973264

        
      (Science Park)
       -   ,    .

###_Toc530973265

         
      (National Competitive Advantage)
              .   . ,     . -  . .     , :
            ()        ,   .
          ,           (    )      -       .
          -     ,      .
              ( );        . 
      ,         :  ,      ,    .
            -     ,          ,        . 
             ,      ,    -    .
            -    ,      ,            .       ,        (, ),   .
              ( )      ,  , , ,            .
                ,     ,      ,    .
             ,   .
           ,                    .         ,      (       ),           . 

###_Toc530973266

        
      (Start-up Cost)

       ,      .

###_Toc530973267

         
      (Relaunch)
               ,    .

###_Toc530973268

        
      (Non-Verbal Communication)
       :  (. . ) .

###_Toc530973269

        
      (Invisibles)

         (    ), ,     . 

###_Toc530973270

        
      (Uncalled Capital)
        . 

###_Toc530973271

        
      (Backlog)
         , ""   .

###_Toc530973272

        
      (Unissued Capital)
        ,      .

###_Toc530973273

        
      (Non-Voting Shares)
      .:   "".

###_Toc530973274

        
      (Non-Diversifiable Risk)
       ,           . .:     . 

###_Toc530973275

        
      (Undifferentoated Marketing)
      ,     , ,   .  -         .  -  ,      ,     ,         (, ,  Ford  General Motors).

###_Toc530973276

         
      (Off-the-Shelf)
       .

###_Toc530973277

       
      (Underweight)
      ,            ,     .   ,         . : . 

###_Toc530973278

       
      (Undercapitalised)
        . ,      ,   .

###_Toc530973279

       
      (Undermanning)
       ,     .

###_Toc530973280

        
      (Under-Subscription)
          .        .         - . :   .

###_Toc530973281

        
      (Work in Progress)
        ,    ,     ,   .      .

###_Toc530973282

       ,   
      (Independent Director, Non-Executive Director, Non-Exec)
         ,       ,     .     .    ""     .       ,        ,    ,     .    ""  ,  ,    " ",       ,   ,                  .     ""   ,   ? ,    ,         .  ,        ,   .     ,        ,   ,       "  ".  ""        "",      (   ,      )   .     (        )    ""     ,  ,      .         ,        , ,        ,   "".      "" ,       ,   ,    ,         .

###_Toc530973283

         
      (Independent Profit Centre)
      1.  Asea Brown Boveri ()      50 ,  ,   -.   50  - : ,   (  )  ,  ,   . 2.   40-200      . .: .

###_Toc530973284

         
      (Wrongful Trading)

          ,        .      ,        .    ,      .  , ,    ,       .      ,     ,        . 

###_Toc530973285

        
      (Unfair Dismissal)
      ,      .        ;    ,          .

###_Toc530973286

        
      (Wrongful Dismissal)

           ,     .

###_Toc530973287

        
      (Minority Interest, Minority)

         ,   ,    (. . -   o    ).  ,        ,         .         ,      (    ),     ,    .     ,          .  ,     . 

###_Toc530973288

        () 
      (Default)
              .           ,      .

###_Toc530973289

        
      (Idle Time) 
      .: .

###_Toc5309732891

        
      (Intangible Assets, Intangible Fixed Assets, Intangbles)
       "" ( ,  ,  )  ,   ,  . 
                 .  ""   -      -      . .:      .

###_Toc530973290

        
      (Unsecured Loan)
      ,         60%  . ,    ,   . 

###_Toc530973291

        
      (Unsecured Creditor)
      ,     ,           .

###_Toc530973292

        
      (Unlimited Liability)
               , . .        ""    .

###_Toc530973293

         
      (Fuzzy Work Roles)

       ,      .   ,        ,    ,      .

###_Toc530973294

       
      (Insolvency)
       .        .

###_Toc530973295

        
      (Reluctant Manager)
      ,      (   ),     ,       .

###_Toc530973296

        
      (Uncovered Dividend)
      ,      ,        .      .

###_Toc530973297

        
      (Underemployment)
        ;   ,       . 

###_Toc530973298

        
      (Non-Core Business)
      ,      .    ,      .

###_Toc530973299

        
      (Non-Performing Loan)
      ,      (       90 ).

###_Toc530973300

        
      (Continuos Improvement)
       , ,        ,         ,  ,      .  ""   ""   ,     .      , , ,    -. ,       ,              .

###_Toc530973301

        
      (Retained Earnings, Retained Profit)
      1.     ,      ,    . 2.       . 

###_Toc530973302

        
      (Undistributed Profit, Undistributed Earning)
       ,     .

###_Toc530973303

       
      (Nerd)
        .  ,    ,     /  . .         ,     ,     . 

###_Toc530973304

        
      (Unsystematic Risk)
       ,      ,    ,    . .:     . 

###_Toc530973305

        
      (Market Imperfection)
        ,         .           .  ,   .

###_Toc530973306

        
      (Unstructured Interview)

      ,    ,      ,     ,     .

###_Toc530973307

        
      (Unconventional Competition)
      ,     (        )      ,    .   -   I   ,  pple -  .    .       ? .:     . 

###_Toc530973308

      ""  
      (Unearned Income)
      ,     .

###_Toc530973309

         
      (Grapevine)
              .

###_Toc530973310

        
      (Informal Organisation)
         ,     .          :     (  )     ,    (  )   .  ,    ,      .       ,     .     .

###_Toc530973311

       
      (Petrodollars)
       ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530973312

        
      (Slow-Moving Line)

        ;           ,         . 

###_Toc530973313

        
      (Unfair Competition)
          (      ),     .          ,     ,    ,     . 

###_Toc530973314

      "  "  
      (Bucket Shop)
      1.        . 2.  ,    .      ,         ,    .

###_Toc530973315

        
      (X-Inefficiency)
      ,           ( ). .:  . 

###_Toc530973316

        
      (Low-Tech)
      ,     (,  ,  ). 

###_Toc530973317

       
      (Niche)
       ,       . .: -   .

###_Toc530973318

          
      (Neo Human Relations School)
      .:   .

###_Toc530973319

        
      (New Issues)
             .   ,    ,           ( 5-15%)     ,         ,      .        - ,  , ,       .  ,              ,         . 

###_Toc5309733191

           
      (Process Innovation)
            (     ),       .         ,       ,    "-",         ,        .     - - --,        ,   Argos  Index,   .                ,    .            ,          ,   .              .  ,       ? .:   .

###_Toc5309733192

       ,   
      (New High, New Low)

         ,   (),    ()  ,      (  ). 

###_Toc530973320

        
      (Zero Defects)
      ,   ,     : 99,9%  . .: .

###_Toc5309733201

        
      (Nominal Value)
             ,     .       ,    .  :  .        .

###_Toc530973321

        
      (Nominal Account)
      ,         .         .

###_Toc530973322

         
      (Nominal Lefger)
         ,      .

###_Toc530973323

       
      (Norm)
      1.  :   (, ). 
      2.  , . .       .

###_Toc530973324

        
      (Rate of Return)
      1.     . 2.              .

###_Toc530973325

         
      (ROI - Return On Investment)
              (ROCE).      .

###_Toc530973326

        
      (Normative Curve)
      .:  "/". 

###_Toc530973327

        
      (Standard Cost)
         . 

###_Toc530973328

       
      (Normative)

          (,     ),  .

###_Toc530973329

      - 
      (Know-How)
         ,   ,     .

###_Toc530973330

         
      (Bed and Breakfasting)

       ,              ,   ,        . 

###_Toc530973331

       (   ) 
      (Zeroes, Zero-Coupon Bonds)

         ,      .           ,   .     -    ,   .           ,    ,    .   ""     ,     ,      (     ).

###_Toc530973332

       
      (Numerology, Tom Peter's New)
      .           :
      1 :  
      2-4 : 
      7-10 :   
      3-12 :  
      12-20 : 
      40-200 :   .
      .  ,   50   . ,      ,       .

###_Toc530973333

      

###_Toc530973334

       
      (Attitude Survey)
      1.      ,     .           . 2.           . 

###_Toc530973335

       
      (Security)
          ,   .

###_Toc530973336

        
      (Interest Cover)
      , ,         , . .  ,    .

###_Toc530973337

       
      (Bond)
      1.     .         ()      .                .   . 2.    .

###_Toc530973338

           
      (Floating Rate Note)
       ,            (    ).     .

###_Toc530973339

        "" 
      (Bulldog Loan)
          ,   ,   .

###_Toc530973340

        - 
      (Flip-Flop Bond)
      ,                .

###_Toc530973341

         
      (Cushion Bond)
      ,   ,  ,    .            .

###_Toc530973342

          
      (Principal Only Bond)
       ,   (   ),      ,          .

###_Toc530973343

       
      (Swap)
      1. . 2.  .       ,        .

###_Toc530973344

        
      (Data Processisng)
       .

###_Toc530973345

       
      (Shell, Shell Company)
      ,      ,          .

###_Toc530973346

        
      (Asset Turn)
       -  ,  ,      .      ,          .          ,     .

###_Toc530973347

        
      (Takeover Defence)
        (      ,    ,     )     .      (" ", " ", "  "),     -         ,             .      ,    , , ,       . 
               ,  ()        ,   ,  ()         .        Imperial Group,     Hanson.   ,  ,   Hanson         .         ,        . ,       -   Hanson  ,    Imperial Group          (  - ,      ),         . 
         100-  ,       ,     ,         .   -       ,               ,        ,  .        ,    -     ,   ,   , ,        .       ,           ,   . :  . .:   .

###_Toc530973348

      
       (Turnover)
      1.      . 2. ,   "" ,   - . .:       . 3.       .

###_Toc530973349

        
      (Fast Moving Line)
          .

###_Toc530973350

        ( ) 
      (Working Capital)
       ,   ,          ( ,   )   .         .

###_Toc530973351

        
      (BDP - Best Demonstrated Practice)
        -     ,               .   ,    15          . 

###_Toc530973352

       
      (Fungible)
            (,          ). 

###_Toc530973353

        
      (Feedback)
           ,           ,      ,    .        ,      .

###_Toc530973354

        
      (Buy Back)
        ,        ,         .

###_Toc530973355

        
      (Reverse Takeover)
      1. ,    (      )  . 2.        , , .

###_Toc530973356

          
      (Reverse Yield Gap)
         ,       .

###_Toc530973357

       
      (Marketable)
         ,     ,           .

###_Toc530973358

         
      (Negotiable Instruments)
       ,        ,   ,    .

###_Toc530973359

         
      (Negotiable Security)
        ,    ,   ,    .

###_Toc530973360

          
      (Exception Reporting)
      ,    ,    ,                 .      .   , ,             ,     .

###_Toc530973361

      "" 
      (Snip)
      ,     .

###_Toc530973362

       
      (Service)
      .: .

###_Toc530973363

        
      (Learning Organisation)
       . ,  ,                 .      -    ,      , -             ,  . .   .       .

###_Toc530973364

       
      (Training)
               . .:  .

###_Toc530973365

         
      (Action Learning)
            .         ,         .       . .:        .

###_Toc530973366

           
      (Case Study Method)
              ,            .        .          ,      ,      (   ,   ,   ,   ).          ,        ,         .      ,      ,       .  ,          ,      .      ,            .  ,          ,    . , ,             -              .

###_Toc530973367

         
      (Total Assets)
        ,      . 

###_Toc530973368

        
      (Workfare)
           ,     ,       .        ,       . 

###_Toc530973369

        
      (Non-Territotial Office)
      ,          ,      .  ,  IBM, Digital, Apple  GE,              ""  (  ,      ),      .  ,   Mars, -    . 

###_Toc530973370

        
      (Trading Volume)
       ,          (   ).        .

###_Toc530973371

        
      (Ordinary Shares)
            ,           ,    .

###_Toc530973372

        
      (Ordinary Dividend)
      ,    .

###_Toc530973373

       
      (Liability)
       . , , .

###_Toc530973374

       
      (Overdraft)
              .

###_Toc530973375

       
      (Ownership)
      ,    (   )       .    ,        ,        "" .    ,   "" .

###_Toc530973376

         
      (Restraint of Trade)
         ,        .

###_Toc530973377

       
      (Short Termism)
                 (      , , ),    .          .    ,  . -, ,            ,     18- ( 30).  -     . .:  ,       .

###_Toc530973378

        
      (Respective Covenant)
      ,       ,      ,              .         .

###_Toc530973379

        
      (Unilateral)
           ,     .

###_Toc530973380

        
      (Assented Share)
       -"",        .

###_Toc530973381

         
      (Recovery)
         ; ,      .  ,    . C.:   .

###_Toc530973382

         
      (Expected Value)
                  (,   . .).            . ,  ,    -  (     )  $ 3   10%,  $ 4  - 50%   $ 5  - 40%,       $4,3  (0,1 ??3  + 0,5 ? 4  + 0,4 ? 5 ).           (   $ 4 ),     .        . .    .

###_Toc530973383

        P/E
      (Prospective P/E)
       /,    , . .   ,     (  /).      /,          / (  /).

###_Toc530973384

         
      (Contractual Fringe)
      .: .

###_Toc530973385

       
      (Window)
      1.         -,            . 2.     . 3.   ,          ,    .

###_Toc530973386

        
      (Final Dividend)
             . ""  - ,         .

###_Toc530973387

       
      (Oligopoly)
       ,  , 75% ( )    ( ) .     ,     ,     .    ,   -           .

###_Toc530973388

        
      (Omnibus Research)
         ,     .  ,    ,          .

###_Toc530973389

        
      (RAM - Random Access Memory)
      ,             .

###_Toc530973390

          
      (Stockbroking)
         ,  -     .

###_Toc530973391

        
      (Operating Lease)
       ,           .      .

###_Toc530973392

        
      (Operating Profit)
         ()          ,    .  :           .

###_Toc530973393

        
      (Operating Expences)

      ,      ,         .

###_Toc530973394

       "" () 
      (Operating Levrage)
           .    ,  ,     ,    ,  .   ,               ,   ""       .   - " ".

###_Toc530973395

          
      (Operating Cash Flow)
       ,      ,   , , ,     ,  .

###_Toc530973396

          
      (PRP - Profit Related Pay)
            ,       ,   .

###_Toc530973397

          
      (PRP - Perfomance Related Pay)
         ,       (  ),  .           ,       ,  ,     . .:  .

###_Toc530973398

         
      (Paid-up Capital)
          .

###_Toc530973399

            
      (Out-Placement)
             .              .

###_Toc530973400

         
      (Job Design)
        ,    . .:  . Quantity)

###_Toc530973401

        
      (Optimim Order Quantity)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973402

       
      (Optimisation)
             .    ,     .   ,   ,          .      ,    ?

###_Toc530973403

        
      (OPT - Optimised Production Technology)
           .

###_Toc530973404

        
       (OCR - Optical Character Recognition)
        ,   c ,    .

###_Toc530973405

        
      (Trade Price)
      ,         (         );      ,           .

###_Toc530973406

        
      (Wholesale Deposit)
         ,        .

###_Toc530973407

        
      (Wholesale Market)
          (     ).    .

###_Toc530973408

        
      (Wholesaler)
      ,       (   ),     ,        (  ).

###_Toc530973409

       
      (Option)
                         (  ).        .       ,       (   ,      ),         .

###_Toc530973410

       "" 
      (Call Option)
                        .

###_Toc530973411

       "" 
      (Put, Put Option)
                      (    ).  ""       .

###_Toc530973412

        
      (Orange Goods)
          ,   . .:   .

###_Toc530973413

       
      (Shaper)
       . ,  ,        , , ,   ,   ,   .

###_Toc530973414

        
      (Organisational Glocalisation)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973415

        
      (Organisational Culture)
      .: .

###_Toc530973416

       
      (Organisational Slack)
         , ,      , . .  ,      .            " ":     "",    ,   ?        , , ,      ,      ,   ,         ,     "" .

###_Toc530973417

        
      (Organisational Analysis)
           .     .

###_Toc530973418

        
      (Organisation Design)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973419

        
      (Organisational Federalism)
      .: .

###_Toc530973420

        
      (Organisational Feudalism)
      .: .

###_Toc530973421

      -"" 
      (Speder's WEB Organisation)
      ,         ( ),    ,    .     ,  .

###_Toc530973422

       " "" 
      (Triple I Organisation)
       .    :   ,   =  ?   ?.   " ""  ( )     .

###_Toc530973423

      - 
      (Shamrock, Shamrock Organisation)
       ,  .         -   .     .   ,       ,    ,   .  ""   ,    , - ,     ,     .    ,       ,    .           "",     .  "" -   - ,   ,    ,    ,       .  -    - ,      ,   ,        .      ,   .            (,        ),            .
      .  ,  -   ,  ,    ,    ""   .   ,      ,     ,         ,    ,             ,    . ,   ,       ,    . ,   -   ,   ,    .  ,   -   .

###_Toc530973424

        
      (Organismic Organisation)
          ,    . .  . 

###_Toc530973425

         
      (Organics)
      ,            ,         .

###_Toc530973426

        
      (Organic Growth)
         ,         ,     ,     . .: "".

###_Toc530973427

       
      (Organogram)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973428

       
      (Spellchek)
            ,          .   ,       , ,      .

###_Toc530973429

         
      (Underlying Operation)
        ,   ,     ,             .

###_Toc530973430

        
      (Core Time)
             ,      ,        .

###_Toc530973431

        
      (Core Business)
        1980 .        ,       "",   "".   -  ,         .   -    ,    .

###_Toc530973432

          
      (Fundamental Principle of Accounting)
             ,     .

###_Toc530973433

         
      (Core Skills)
      ,     . .:  .

###_Toc530973434

        
      (Overrider, Overriding Discount)
       ,        ,       ( ) .           .      ,    .              .

###_Toc530973435

         
      (Core Competences)
      ,      . 

###_Toc530973436

         
      (Cost Drivers)
      ,             .             ,   -     .     -    ,               .

###_Toc530973437

         
      (Distinctive Competences)
       1957 . .      ,               . .: ,     "".

###_Toc530973438

        
      (Residual Value)
         ,  -     .   ,    . .

###_Toc530973439

       
      (Sharp end)
       ,     .

###_Toc530973440

       
      (Selection)
            , ,  ,            .

###_Toc530973441

       
      (Contested Takeover)
             . .:    . :    .

###_Toc530973442

        
      (Procupine Provision)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973443

       
      (Charge)
          ,   . .:     .

###_Toc530973444

         
      (Product Liability)
           ,     . 

###_Toc530973445

       
      (Divestment)
       (),         .

###_Toc530973446

       
      (Spin-Off, Spinoff)
      ,     ,   ,      ,      .   -      ,        . ,     Bain & Company   .

###_Toc530973447

          
      (Renunciation)
                 .

###_Toc530973448

       
      (Variance)
             .

###_Toc530973449

        
      (Open position)
      ,        ;        .

###_Toc530973450

        
      (Window of Opportunity)
       ,    ,        ;      ,       ,     .      ,      ;          ,     .

###_Toc530973451

        
      (Open end Fund)
         ,        . :  .

###_Toc530973452

       
      (Debug)
                 .

###_Toc530973453

        
      (Deferred Taxation)
      ,         (     ,      ).

###_Toc530973454

       
      (Laundering)
      1.         ,        . 2.        .

###_Toc530973455

         
      (RMS - Relative Market Share)
         -,         .    ,      ,  . ,     ,   Sony,       ,     () Sony  10 ( 10,  10,0x,   10),   , ,   0,1.   Coca-Cola       60%,  Pepsi-Cola - 30%,  Coke  2,  Pepsi - 0,5. 
                .      :
        -;
          " ",         ,           ,       ,        ;
             ;
            ,       ;
            ,   ,  .
        .
         - -       .         .
      " ". ,    .     ,        . .: ,     .
                   ,    ,      -  .
            .
            ,         .               ,  ,  ,        . 
                ,    - (. 25). 
      

$$$image/25.jpg

      
. 25.           
                 .       26,      ,  2. 0         : ,  ,  10,         60-90%.   -       , ,     ( 1  5),      .

###_Toc530973456

         
       (RCP - Relative Cost Position)
          ,    .   .   Heinz       $ 0,10.  Crosse & Blackwell      $ 0,11.  ,      () Heinz     10% ( Heinz - 91,  C&B - 100).    ,          ,         .      (  -),         .   ,       ,   .  ( ,    )         . ,    30%      ,     ,    10%.     ,             (      ).
             ,   ,         .         ,          100.  ,   Heinz      $ 0,12,  C&B - $ 0,10,   Heinz  83 (10/12 ??100), C&B - 110 (11/10 ??100);     - 17%, -10% -   . ,       (   )  27% (110 - 83). , Heinz        ,         , - ,          . 
          ,      ,   .      ,       ;           25 - 30%.
           ,   ,        ,  (20-50 )     .        ,           -    ,  -  . 

###_Toc530973457

        
       (RPP - Relative Price Position)
            .         ,       KP   $ 0,20,           $ 0,18,     - 0,20/0,18 = 111,  - 0,18/0,20 = 90.         ,    .

###_Toc530973458

        
       (RCR - Relative Customer Retention)
         (   )    .    . .:  .

###_Toc530973459

         
      (Industrial Relations)
                 .

###_Toc530973460

         
      (IR - Investor Relations)
           ,       ,      .   ,     ,  -,              .   ,     ,     ,    ,    ,    .

###_Toc530973461

       
      (Ship)
        (,    ).

###_Toc530973462

        
      (Shark Repellent)
      ,   ,         . ,     ,        .     ,        ,       .

###_Toc530973463

        
      (Poison Pill)
             ,       . , ,     ,                 (  )     -    (   , ,   ,       ,  , ,   ).  " "  ,     ,  ,           "".    ;    .

###_Toc530973464

         
      (Smokestack Industry)
       ,   ,     ,     ,    ,           ,      .         .

###_Toc530973465

       
      (Derecognition)
            .

###_Toc530973466

         
      (Diseconomies of Scale)
            :            .       .       ,           ,    ,           , ,   ,       , ; / ,           .        "    ",          -  ,     . .:    ,       .

###_Toc530973467

        
      (Deferred Shares)
      ,          (   ,      ).

###_Toc530973468

       
      (Deferred Rrevenue ior Income)
       (    ),  ,       (   ),        .

###_Toc530973469

       
      (Retirement)
         ,         .         ,      ,     . .:  (3).

###_Toc530973470

         
      (Redundancy)
      1.  ()   -.    ,   ,     "".       ()   .  ,     "    ",        . 2. ,    .

###_Toc530973471

         
      (Segment Retreat)
          ,         .             , ,      .   "  "       ,   .      -    . -       ,    1970- .        ,        ,      ,       "" .      ,             ,   ,  .                       .         ,            ,       .

###_Toc530973472

          
      (Flow Statement)
      .:   .

###_Toc530973473

          
       (P&L Account, P&L, Profit and Loss Account)
             .      :         ,         ,  .

###_Toc530973474

        
      (Accounting Period)
            .

###_Toc530973475

        
      (Offshore Production)
        (  )      . .:  .

###_Toc530973476

        
      (Offshore Fund)
         ,    . 

###_Toc530973477

       
      (Reach)
       ,        ,           ()  .

###_Toc530973478

      "  " 
      (Headhunter)
         ,   ,     . "  "      "",         ,       . "  " -   ; ,  "",      30%       ,  ,      , ,   ,    "  ". ""            :  "" ,   ,    .           ( ) -          .    "  "     ,    .

###_Toc530973479

        
      (Stock Valuation)
           ,  ,   ,  .

###_Toc530973480

         
      (Job Evaluation)
            ,        .        "",        (    ,    8).    "  ".   ,    ,    (   )  ""   . 
                 MSL,  . .                  .     ,                        . ,   ,      . 
       ""     ,   ,    ,   ,     ,   .

###_Toc530973481

         
      (Brand Valuatioin)
      1.     ,           -. 2.   .
       ,       (.:  ,     ).
                .      American Motors (,       ) ,       $10 000.          Renault Premier,      $ 13 000.   Chrysler  American Motors,     Chrysler Eagle Premier   $ 13 000. ,   ,    Chrysler - $ 3 000,     . 
                .    ,  ,     ,      Kellogg,      47 %  59 %.   ,        ,       .
            ,           ,             .    - ,      , . 
                  ,         .   -          ,  ,  ,     "" .               .              ,         ?

###_Toc530973482

       
      (Netting, Netting off)
          ,     (,     ). 

###_Toc530973483

         
      (Customer Value)
           .

###_Toc530973484

      

###_Toc530973485

        () 
      (Unit Trust)
        :  ,                ()     .          ,             ( 1994 . - 6,4%) ,     ,      ,     ,     .

###_Toc530973486

        
      (Paradigms Of Management)
            .        -  .  , ,      ,   . 

###_Toc5309734861

        
      (Parallel Loan)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973487

        
      (Parallel Importing)
      ,    ,    ,       ,      ,  -    .   ( )    .      ,   ,     ""      .    ,        -          .

###_Toc530973488

        
       (PPP - Purchasing Power Parity)
                .    ()  ,          .         ,           ,    (. .       ).

###_Toc530973489

        
      (Par-Value)
         .   . . :     .

###_Toc530973490

       
      (Batch)
           ,    ()     .

###_Toc530973491

       () 
      (Partnership)
        ,           -     :          (  )  .                 -       (,     ,    (  )   ).              ,          .
                    :
      ,     :         ,  -     (  );    ,    ;
       ,    ,         ;
        ,   - ,          ,         .   ,    ,   ,   -  .
                 .

###_Toc530973492

         
      (Limited Partnership)
        ,    .   - "-" -   ,      - " " -       . " "    ,  "-"    ,     ,         .

###_Toc530973493

       
      (Patent)
        ,    ,    . .     ,      . , -  ,         .     ,  ,     .        ,        . , ,  ,         ,    -     .

###_Toc530973494

       
      (Paternalism)
       ,      (      I .),   ,          (    ) " " (  - " ").    ,          .      ,            .

###_Toc530973495

        
      (Pension Fund)
        .

###_Toc530973496

         
      (IPO - Initial Public Offering)
       ,        .

###_Toc530973497

        
      (Historic Cost)
      ,     (     ).

###_Toc530973498

        
      (Seed Capital, Seed Money)
          ,          ,       . 

###_Toc530973499

       
      (Pathfinder, Pathfinder Prospectus)
         ,       .

###_Toc530973500

        
      (Pre-Emption Rights)
        - (  )  ,     .

###_Toc530973501

        
      (Leading Indicator)
           .      .          ,    ,          ,     .

###_Toc530973502

      "" 
      (Turnaround)
      ,    ,      ,  ,     "".        ,     .
        . . ,   ,   : "        ,  "" ,   ,     ".         "",    ,    ,       -,    .   ,      ,       , -     (      ),      ,   ,  ,  ,   ,   ,   ,     .      (     ),     .
                 (  ).       ,           .
            "" -    ;   ""           . 
        ,      ,    : "    ,     ,    ?"      ,           ,     ,        ,       ( )     :           (,   )     .       ,         ?  :            ,    . 
        ,     ,            ,        ,                  .
          "  ", ,    .      -     ,       ,   ,    ,    ?    ,    (      ),       ?        , , ,       /   ?          ,             ?   -  ,      (   )    ,        ?
        ,  ,   " ",    .      Gestether   1980- .             .  Firestone          (  80%    )         .   - ,     .

###_Toc530973503

       
      (Overweight)
      ,         (   )    .   ,        . : .

###_Toc530973504

        
      (Bill of Exchange)
       ,  ,    ,              (    ).                ,        .

###_Toc530973505

          
      (Workplace Bargaining)
              ( ),     .         .

###_Toc530973506

            
      (Collective Bargaining)
                  .

###_Toc530973507

         
      (Spin-Off, Spinoff)
          ,      .    ,   ,     ,      .         .      ,    .

###_Toc530973508

        
      (Technology Transfer)
              ,  ,      ,    ,  .                  ,  .       (, )      . .:    .

###_Toc530973509

        
      (Best Practice)
         /     ,   ,   . . :  .

###_Toc530973510

          
      (Brand Switching)
          ,     . .: .

###_Toc530973511

       
      (Variable)
      ,   ,   .

###_Toc530973512

        
      (Variable Rate)
          .

###_Toc530973513

        
      (Variable Cost)
      ,        ,      .

###_Toc530973514

         
      (Moving Goalpost)
             ,    .     .

###_Toc530973515

       ,   
      (Carry Back, Carry Forward)
              ,      .

###_Toc530973516

       
      (Revaluation)
       ( )   ,         ,          .

###_Toc530973517

       
      (Repackaging)
         .         ,        ,     .

###_Toc530973518

       
      (Reinsurance)
               ,        .

###_Toc530973519

       
      (Reconstruction)
       :       ,    .               (     ),                ,             .

###_Toc530973520

          
      (Taking Private)
             "". "   "           ()     (   ),           .      .                ,       , ,     . .      Virgin,  ,     .  . ,       Amstrad,    .

###_Toc530973521

        
      (Wear Out Period)
            ,     . .:   .

###_Toc530973522

         
      (Useful Economic Life)
      ,      .    ,      .      ,      ;      ,  . 

###_Toc530973523

       
      (Percentiles)
      ,             .

###_Toc530973524

       
      (Personnel)
      1.  :  ,    ,  , ,    ,        ,         ,     .         .       ,     ,      .   ,                  .  ,         ,   ,   ,     . 2.  .

###_Toc530973525

        
      (Personal Bonus)
       (       ),       .

###_Toc530973526

        
      (Personal Selling)
            .

###_Toc530973527

        
      (Personality Inventory)
                  ;      . 

###_Toc530973528

        
      (PC - ersonal omputer)
         ,     :  , , ,     ,      ,  -    .   ()  ,   ,    ""  (  ),  ,   ;     ,          ""  .       ,         ,      ,    . ,  -    ,      .       .  ,          ,        ,    ,     .            ,     .     .  ,   -       20 . .:  .

###_Toc530973529

       
      (Icon)

       /   ,      .

###_Toc530973530

        
      (Pyramid Selling)
                ;            . .      ,     $ 1     ,    .        -   -   .

###_Toc530973531

       
      (Pirate)
             ,      .     ,             "" .

###_Toc530973532

       
      (Pistonnage)
                  .     ,   .

###_Toc530973533

         
      (Letter of Intent)

                ,        .    .

###_Toc530973534

       
      (Pioneers)
      ,      -       .         -     /   ,       , /        (   )  .

###_Toc530973535

      ,  (. 1942) 
      (Peters, Tom)
      ,    ,      ,  - .    :    ,  (  . )  "    ()" (In Search of Excellence, 1982),         6   (      ). .            ,       ,   .               : , , ,  ,      .      (  ) ,    ,   .     . 
       ""   .     1977 .    .    :         20       ,     .
         ,   ,    ;                .      ,   .   5       "   "      ""     ,     (People Exspress) .        .      ,  ,     .     "" , ,   ,          100%,   ,    ""   . ,  ,           .  ,       ,      ,    .     "".
      .       (  . )  "  " (A Passion for Excellence, 1985),    .   "  " (Thriving in Chaos, 1987)   : "   ". ,   ,                  180        ,  "" ,       ,         .        ,    ,   , ,  . .           ,       ,   , - .         45   .      :
      / /.
       .
       .
           .
         :   , ,      .
       .
       ,   ,  ,      .
            .
          .
           .
          .
             ,     .
           ,       ,  , .
          .    .    "    ". , 75%    ,      ,     ,  ,      ?    25%    , ,  50%       . ,   .    " " (Liberation Management, 1992)  ,    : ,       .     " ",   "   "         .  " "    :
         .
          -.
            .
        .
           .
           ,   .  ,        . ,  ,  ,   " ",     ,    . .:    .

###_Toc530973536

         
      (Floating Rate)
       ,    ;         .

###_Toc530973537

           
      (ESOP - Employee Stock Ownership Plan, Employee Stock Option Plan)
       ,      (    ),   ,          .   ,              .

###_Toc530973538

          
      (Manpower Planning)
        1960-1970 .      .      .    ,              .

###_Toc530973539

        
      (Career Planning)
         ,     . ,         ,      .                .

###_Toc530973540

        
      (Succession Planning)
         ,             .          :      ""   .

###_Toc530973541

        
      (Estate Planning)
         (    )     .

###_Toc530973542

        ,   
       (MRP - Manufacturing Resource Planning, Materials Requirements Planning)
            ,        .

###_Toc530973543

       
      (Solvency)
        ,     ,   .

###_Toc530973544

        
      (Charge Card)
       ,    ,       30 ,        .   -    ,      .

###_Toc530973545

      "" 
      (Captive)
         ,   (  ) "" .              .

###_Toc530973546

        
      (Flat Organisation)
      ,       (  - ,   ).   . -  .            "" (. 26).        .
            ,    ""   ,  . ,       ,  ,         . . -  .     ,      "  ":          -  ,    , ""      .     :    ""      . "  "            ,   . "" , ,     ,      ""     .     . -  .  "  " (Seven Cultures of Capitalism),    . .:  .
      

$$$image/26.jpg

      
. 26.      "" : Riding the Waves of Culture, Fons Trompenaars (1993)

###_Toc530973547

       
      (Bad Dusiness)
      ,        .      ,         ,      .  ,  ,       (   ,   ),      .          ,      ,    -   , ,  ,   ""    (  ),     . .: "" .

###_Toc530973548

        
      (Bad Debt)
      ,    -     , . .   ,      .

###_Toc530973549

         
      (Bells and Whistles)
        ,     ( ),      . ,        ,    .

###_Toc530973550

         
      (Organisational Behaviour)
       ,     ,       .        ,          .

###_Toc530973551

      U- 
      (U-Turn)
       ,   .

###_Toc530973552

         
      (Job Enrichment)
      ,  . ,       . .:  .

###_Toc530973553

         
      (Redeemable Financial Security) 
       ,    ,          ( ).

###_Toc530973554

       
      (Takeover)
                 .

###_Toc530973555

          
      (Advertised Recruitment)
            ,         .     ,     ,      "  ".

###_Toc530973556

       
      (Counterfeit)
            .

###_Toc530973557

       
      (Weighting)
        ()    ,   .

###_Toc530973558

        
      Lean Enterprise)
        .       "", :
        - ;
       " ",     ,   ,         ,    ;
       ,   -,  , ,    ,     ,      ;
                     ,     .
       Honda             ,       .

###_Toc530973559

        
      (Lean Production)
             Toyota.     :
                ;
        ;
             ,      .
      .:   (        ,     )   -.

###_Toc530973560

        
      (Pump Priming)
      ,                " "  , . .  .   " "  ,   .

###_Toc530973561

        
      (Upgrade)
       , .                ,  .

###_Toc530973562

       
      (Accountability)
      1.           . 2.           (      ).
                    ,        .        ,  ,                   .     ,     . .:   ,  (   ),    .

###_Toc530973563

      ""  
      (Food Chain)
      ,  ,       .  ""         ,  ""    ,        ,   - .   ""      ,    ,    " ".  -     ,        ,       .     , ,   Sony Walkman,    ,      ,     .  ""      ,      .                 .

###_Toc530973564

       
      (Contracting-Out)
      ,          -     ,   .          ,         .   ,                  ,     .  , ,  . , ,          ,       ;       ,       ,   .       ,                      . .: -.

###_Toc530973565

       
      (Contractors)
          ,     .         ,    . .      :  ,    (,     ,      ,       )     -     . .:   -.

###_Toc530973566

        
      (Comfort Letter)
          (,  ), ,  ,        ,  .

###_Toc530973567

       
      (Positioning)
              ,      ()   .                     . ,   British Airways    "     "  ,    ,              .          ,    ,        .         Avis: " .   ".  : "Carlsberg, ,     ",         .  -       ,                 .   ,  .

###_Toc530973568

       ()  
      (Cognitive Dissonance)
       ,   1951 .   . .   ,        ("",   )      .       ,   ,       .       . ,  -     $ 500.  ,     ,       , ,              $ 400.     ,      ,             .

###_Toc530973569

       
      (Search) 
          ,   "  ".

###_Toc530973570

        
      (Executive Search)
        "  ".

###_Toc530973571

       " /",  / 
      (PE, P/E, PER - Price Earnings Ratio)
      ,                .      (    )  .   P/E ,      -  ,       . P/E   :
        ,     ;
        ,    .
            P/E -    ,    ,       .  ,    ,        ,      P/E. 
        ,   P/E       ,    1001   ,    .   ,           . P/E -    ,     ,   ,      .
            ,    ,   .  ,           ,  ,  -        ,     ,         .      ,      ,  ,       (    ), P/E    10. 
      P/E     ,    ,       ,  ,     ""    "".    P/E    :
       P/E  5 ,       ,    .
      P/E 5-10 ,   ,         ,    .
      P/E 10-12 ,        .
      P/E 12-15 ,      ,   .
      P/E 15-20 ,      ,   .
      P/E  20 ,        .
         P/E  ,      . ,  P/E   10,      $ 0,1.    , , - 10  $ 0,1= $ 1. ,         30%.       ?       69% (   30%   ).    ,           P/E.     ,  P/E  20,      20  $ 0,169=$ 3,28,      238%!
        ,    ,       ,        P/E,    ,   P/E      .
               P/E,  ,      " /".   1970- .    ,   " ",     P/E.     ,  Xerox, McDonald's  IBM.    ,      :  "     ,   ".     :  .  ,   IBM,   ,  35      (P/E = 35),      ,    P/E = 6,1; Xerox (  P/E)     6,8.   , Philip Morris,   1972 . P/E = 21,   (       )  P/E = 89.      McDonald's,   (  ) P/E=60.     /  ,  ,    "   ".    !..   McDonald's  P/E = 120!
       ,  P/E   ,  -       -      P/E,      , ,   McDonald's  Philip Morris .

###_Toc530973572

       "" 
      (C Ratio)
       ,    . .: .

###_Toc530973573

       "5" 
      (C5 Ratio)
       ,      . .:    "".

###_Toc530973574

        
      (Dividend Cover)
      ,         "" , . .     ,    .       2,         ;   -  1,    .           .        .

###_Toc530973575

        
      (Customer Loyalty)
            .          . .:  .

###_Toc530973576

        
      (Buyer Credit)
      ,    ,    .

###_Toc530973577

         
      (Hire Purchase)
         .          . :     . (LBO - Leveraged Buy-Out)

###_Toc530973578

         "" ()
      (LBO-leveraged Buy-Out)
          1980- .      (    ),           ,     (leveraged).    (  ,   )  ,    ,        , ,  ,  . ,   ,      ,      .     -   "  ".      1980- .     ,       , ,        .  LBO     "" MBO ( "-")        (  10:1,   1:1)    .  LBO      ,   ""      .           ,   ,   ,       .

###_Toc530973579

       
      (Utility, Customer Utility)
      ,       . 

###_Toc530973580

         
      (Open Door Policy)
        "  HP",   Hewlett Packard       ,  Shell.          .    -  "" ,       ,  .  "  HP" : " ,   ,      ,    ". .: .

###_Toc530973581

        
      (Political Risk)
         ,      ,   ,        ,       .           .

###_Toc530973582

       
      (Polycentric)
        .      ,        ,     .

###_Toc530973583

         
      (Whole Life Insurance)
          ,        .

###_Toc530973584

          
       (Fully Diluted EPS - Earnings Per Share)
        ,     ,           .         .

###_Toc530973585

       ,   
      (Semi-Log Scale, Semi-Log Paper)

            (  )     (    ).   (. 27). 
      

$$$image/27.jpg


      
. 27.           
           1994 . - $ 1 ., 1995 . - $ 2 ., 1996 . - $ 4 ., 1997 . - $ 7 .
           ,           ,               ( ),    ( 75%   ).        .

###_Toc530973586

      
      (Taker)
       .

###_Toc530973587

       
      (Custodian)
         ,                .

###_Toc530973588

         
      (Hurdle Rate)
           ,       .   .             ( 15-25%), ,    .   ,     ,     ,         ,   , , ,   , -   .        ,   .         .    ,  ,            ,         (  ,   ),         . ,       (  )     .     ,   "" .    - -  ,           .

###_Toc530973589

        
      (Vicious Circle)
        ,     ,         .     - " ",     . .:     ,  .

###_Toc530973590

        
      (Portable Pension)
      ,            .

###_Toc530973591

      ,  (. 1947) 
      (Porter, Michael)
        .      :    , ,    . .     "  ".   , " :     " (Competitive Strategy: Techiques for Analysing Industries and Competitors, 1980)  " " (Competitive Advantage, 1985), .        .       ,      . .      :    .       (.:    . )         ( ,  ).    1980- .,         ,   . . .         (.: )    ( ,           )  ,    .  "  (  )" (The Competitive Advantage of Nations, 1990)      . .      :
          ,      .
       ,    .         .
       ,       .
            :    ,   .
            .
          .
          . .
        " " .              .
       :   ,            ?
      :                 ?
       . 
      :   ,      ?

        ,              . 

###_Toc530973592

       
      (Portfolio)
        ,    ,   ,    ,     . 1.   -   (   ),   .       ( )     . 2.   -       - (.:  ) ,  ,    . 3.    -      ,       .     . ,  ,             ,         ,    . .: -.

###_Toc530973593

        
      (Portfolio Partnership)
        " " .     ,     ,    .  .      ,    :
      1.      (  ,    ),     ,  .
      2.       .
           .     ,   . 28.
      

$$$image/28.jpg

      
. 28.   
       . ,    ,      .
       .  -  , ,   ,     .
       . ,      ,   , .
       . ,     ,     .
       10     (, , , , , , , , , ),      ,   .    ,     "",   "",      ,      ,        .  ,       ,     :    ,         .       -       ,      .  ,  "",        .        .: " 100   " .  (The Successful Boss's First 100 Days, 1994).

###_Toc530973594

        
      (Portfolio Marriage)
         .   ,      . .:  ,    " ".

###_Toc530973595

       
      (Warranty)
      1. . 2.   .      ,             .

###_Toc530973596

        
      (Macaulay's Transfer)
           XIX .  - :       ,       ;      ,   .   :   -  .        ,   ,          .          .       ,          ,  ,           .

###_Toc530973597

        
      (Post Balance Sheet Event)
        ,      ,   ,     .        ,         .

###_Toc530973598

        
      (Sequential Management)
         ,        -         :   ,   ,   .    ,    ,  ,  "     "    .   -    ,      .

###_Toc530973599

      "   " 
      (Raincheck, Take A Raincheck)
          (  ) .

###_Toc530973600

       
      (Mediation)
                 ,  , ,   ,    .

###_Toc530973601

       
      (Supplier)
      1. ,     ,        .      ,        ,  .  ,    ,             ,     ,     .             ,      . ,          ,    .     , ,  Fiat, Renault, Ford, GM  PSA,     :    50  65%   .  ,        :         34% (Nissan)  65% (Honda)  .   ,        ,       ,      ,       . .:  "  ",  ,     . 2.   "", . . ,    .

###_Toc530973602

        
      (Talent Packager)
         ,         . ,             :    ,  -,  ,     .     ,      ,      ,  ,   .

###_Toc530973603

        
      (Fixed Cost)
      ,       .   -  ,   ,  ,  .             (     ,     ).       ,         .

###_Toc530973604

       
      (Gofer)
        ,     ,    (go for),    .

###_Toc530973605

        
      (Sweating Assets)
        .

###_Toc530973606

       
      (Stream)
            .  ,   Cadbury Schweppes    :     .

###_Toc530973607

         
      (Cash Flow)
           .      ,     (  ,    ).

###_Toc530973608

       
      (Needs)
      1.     ""  ( ,    ),    "",     .      . 2.  . .:  .

###_Toc530973609

        
      (Junk Mail)
          ,     .

###_Toc530973610

             
      (Rights)
                .       ,           . .:  .

###_Toc530973611

          
      (True nd Fair View)
       ""    , ,   " ".        -  (  ,      ,     ).

###_Toc530973612

        
      (Rules of the Game)
            ,   ,  ,     .       (,  ).

###_Toc530973613

      A 80/20 
      (Eighty/Twenty Rule, 80/20 Rule)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973614

        
      (David's Dictum)
            ,     .

###_Toc530973615

        
      (Pareto Rule)
       80/20, ,  80%  , ,  (  )   20% .   ,         .   . ,   XIX .      ,  ,        ,  ,  ,   ,          ,     .          ,    ,           . 
           : 80%     20%  . ,        ,  80% , ,        .       ,      80%,     . ,     ,       15     ,     .

###_Toc530973616

        
      (Right Brain Processes)
         ,         . .:  .

###_Toc530973617

           
      (Lien)
         ,   .

###_Toc530973618

         
      (Oversubscription)
              . .:  .

###_Toc530973619

        
      (Trial Balance)
        ,  ,       .

###_Toc530973620

        
      (Marginal Cost)
            .

###_Toc530973621

         
      (Customer Proposition)
              -.     ,  ,    "  ".

###_Toc530973622

       " " 
      (Offer for Sale)
          ,          .

###_Toc530973623

       
      (Prepayment)
      ,   ,    ,      .

###_Toc530973624

       
      (Entrepreneur)
      ,        .       ,       ,      .         $ 30 ,       .

###_Toc530973625

         
      (Chairman)
          ,       :       ,      ,    .     - ,         ,          .            (.:    ).            ,           ,     ,         (       ).      .   ,              (       ),       .  "-",      ,       .        -    ,        ,       ,    .

###_Toc530973626

       
      (Proxy)
      .: .

###_Toc530973627

         
      (Stakeholders)
           ,            ,    ,   .       ,    .           .  : .

###_Toc530973628

       
      (Presentation)
       ,             .     ,     .

###_Toc530973629

       
      (President)
             .

###_Toc530973630

       "" 
      (Parenting Advantage)
       ,        .     ,         ,     .  . , .   .  "   :     " (Corporate-Level Strategy: Creating Value in the Multibusiness Company, 1994) ,         ,   " "   ,     .
           -     "".           "" , ""     .  ,      ,   ,       .
       ""      ,           ,     .

###_Toc530973631

         
      (First Mover Advantage)
       (  )  ,  ,     ,       .     ,       ;      ,   ,     . .:    .

###_Toc530973632

       
      (List Price)
        ,   ,   .

###_Toc530973633

         
      (Risk Premium)
        ,     "" , , ,     .          ,  3%  ,        ,        7%,     4%.            .             ,      . . :     .

###_Toc530973634

         
      (Share Premium)
        ,        ,    .   .

###_Toc530973635

       /  
      (Premium of Market to Book)
      ,         . C.: C  ,  .

###_Toc530973636

        
      (Secular Trend)
        ,   ""   .

###_Toc530973637

       
      (Follower) 
      ,       -.               . .: ""  " ".

###_Toc530973638

       " " 
      (White Collar Crime)
             :     .

###_Toc530973639

           
      (Market Challenger)
       , ,       -    .     ,     ,        ,    .      ,        0,7   .    . "",     , -     . .:  .

###_Toc530973640

          
      (Rightsizing)
       ,       .

###_Toc530973641

       
      (Perks, Perquisite)
         ,      .      ,  , ,      ,          .        ,    .        ,  , , ,       .

###_Toc530973642

          
      (PBT - Profit Before Tax)
          ,  ,     .

###_Toc530973643

           
       (PBIT - Profit Before Interest & Tax)
          ,       .  :         .

###_Toc530973644

            
       (Forex (Foreign Exchange) Gain r Loss)
        ,        .

###_Toc530973645

        ,    
      (Translation Profit r Loss)
        ,       .           ,   ,         ,    . 

###_Toc530973646

        ,     
      (Exchange Gain r Loss)
        ,   ,    .  ,    ,      ,  -         .

###_Toc530973647

          
       (PIMS - Profit Impact f Market Strategy)
              ,      General Electric.    ,    - ( ,    ,       ,      ).   ,        -,     ,       . 
           ,   ,          ,        .      : -,    ,   -,   -  ,    . ,        -     .  -,       . .:  ,   ,  "/".

###_Toc530973648

         
      (ROA -Return On Assets)
       :    

###_Toc530973649

          
      (ROCE - Return On Capital Employed)
            :  ,    . .:   .

###_Toc530973650

          
      (RONA - Return On Net Assets)
       .  ,    .       . 

###_Toc530973651

         
      (Returns to Scale)
      .:        . 

###_Toc530973652

          
      (Profit After Tax)
         ,        (   ).     .

###_Toc530973653

       
      (Privatisation)
        ,        -  . .        . ,        ,    ( ,       ,   ).           ,  .    -    . ,    , -      . ,        , .  ,    (  )    ,         .

###_Toc530973654

         
      (Matching)
            .

###_Toc530973655

        
      (PV - Present Value)
               . .:       .

###_Toc530973656

         
      (NPV - Net Present Value) 
                   .            . .:   .

###_Toc530973657

       
       (Preference Share, Preferred Stock)
      ,          .

###_Toc530973658

        
      (Senior Debt)
        ,          . :  .

###_Toc530973659

        
      (Preferential Creditor)
      ,            .

###_Toc530973660

        
      (Business Attractiveness)
               .             .       ,    ,    (   ),    ( ),          .   ,          ,   ,  ,      .         (. 29),  ,                   -     .
            . 29  ,    ,   .     ,         , . .          .     ,     -   ,         ,   ,   .         ,    .
        -   .    -   .   ,     ,    ,       .  ,     ,       .            .        ,    , .
      

$$$image/29.jpg

      
. 29.    

###_Toc530973661

      
      (Gearing)
      1.          (        ). 2.           . .:  "/ ".  "" -   "" ().

###_Toc530973662

      ""  
      (Capital Gearing)
      . "".

###_Toc530973663

       
      (Gatekeeper)
      1. ,        . 2.   ,   ,   " "    ,       .

###_Toc530973664

       
      (Recognition)
           (    ),   ,       .

###_Toc530973665

       "  " 
      (At Best)
                 ,      .    ,    ,         .

###_Toc530973666

         
      (Applilcations Software)
        (),      .     ,         .

###_Toc530973667

         
      (Best Efforts)
       ,         - .   ,       . "   "  .

###_Toc530973668

       
      (Reconciliation)
       :    ()    ,   .

###_Toc530973669

       
      (Belonging)
          :    -      "",      .   Heinz       "".    : "       , :   Heinz"".

###_Toc530973670

         
      (Windfall Profit)
      ,    " ", , -,   .

###_Toc530973671

        
      (Satisficing)
          ,        .     ,   "" (    )     .   . 1.          (        ). 2.           . .:  "/ ".  "" -   "" ().

###_Toc530973672

        
      (Peter Principle)
      .  (. 1919) ,       ,        ,     ,          . ,  ;     .

###_Toc530973673

       
      (Principal)
      1.  :   ,      - . 2.  :  ,   ,   .

###_Toc530973674

       
      (Procurement)
       : .

###_Toc530973675

         
      (M &  - Mergers and Acquisitions)
         "  ".        ,         ,      .   , , ,    ,    ,    A&D - "  ",  , -,       , -,           ,    "  ".

###_Toc530973676

        
      (Prior Charges)
        ,       .

###_Toc530973677

        
      (Uplegation)
        .           ; ,      .    - ,  ,      . ,          .   -  " " ,         ,        . 

###_Toc530973678

       
      (Heavy User)
            ;  20%    80%   ( 10%  - 65%).       "".

###_Toc530973679

       
      (Causation)
      ,     .    ,       .

###_Toc530973680

       
      (PAL - Pool, Ally and Link) 
      .: ,   (. 1943).

###_Toc530973681

          
      (Corporate Governance)
             ,        ,       ,     ,              .           ,         .    ,       ,  .          1980- .      ,     ,  .     , : "    ?        ?  () ?"  : "      ?" 
                :        ?             : (1)               ; (2)             .      -       -   . 
                ,        ,    .         ,     (    25%  ),       (     ).      ,     ,       . 
      , , ,        ,      ,       .      ,           ,     .   (  )  ,        .      "  ".      ,    ,    ,    ,   .
          ,      (  )          ,   .   ,                (, ,       ,       ). .:  , , .

###_Toc530973682

        
      (Test Marketing)
             .             .               .  ,                -.                ,            ,      . 

###_Toc530973683

       
      (Posting)
              .

###_Toc530973684

       
      (Forecast)
      1.       . 2.      .

###_Toc530973685

        
      (Programme Trading)
                     (, ,    X%   ).            .   ,       ,             .

###_Toc530973686

       
       (Software)
      ,             .

###_Toc530973687

        
      (MBWA - Management By Wandering Around)
          ,   "  ",      Hewlett-Packard.     ,   ,        ,  "     ,       , ,   ,       ". ,     ,  ,     Hewlett-Packard,             "".

###_Toc530973688

       
      (Sales) 
      1.   (    )     . 2.        .

###_Toc530973689

          
      (Sales Per Square Foot)
        (       )     .        .

###_Toc530973690

          
      (Sales Per Employee)
         ,        .

###_Toc530973691

         
      (Oversold)
      1.     ,  ""     ,     . 2. ,     ,   ,    .

###_Toc530973692

           
      (Sale And Leaseback)
      ,      ,             .      ,   -     .

###_Toc530973693

        
       (Above-The-Line Promotion)
       ,   ,      (  ),   ,    . :   .

###_Toc530973694

         
      (Below-The-Line Promotion)
        ,    ,   ,     ,     ,    .         . :   .

###_Toc530973695

       
      (Outputs)
      1.   ,        . 2.     . 

###_Toc530973696

        
      (Project Finance)
               (   ).

###_Toc530973697

        
      (Project Team)
      1.      ,         ,      . 2.   3-12 ,    ,     . .: .

###_Toc530973698

       
      (Transparency)
      ,            .     ,     .

###_Toc530973699

        
      (Range Clarity)
           .

###_Toc530973700

       
      (Prosumers)
       . ,     " " (proactive consumer),    ,       .

###_Toc530973701

         
      (OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer)
      ,     ,   ,         .

###_Toc530973702

        
      (Throughput Time)
        ,   ,      ,   ,        . .: ,   .

###_Toc530973703

       
      (Productivity)
              (,     ).    ,       ,  .      -   .

###_Toc530973704

        
      (Capital Productivity)
        ,    .

###_Toc530973705

         
      (Fixed Asset Productivity)
        ,       .

###_Toc530973706

         
      (Derivatives)
          ,     ,     .   ,  , ,   ,      ,    ,   ,         .    -  ,  ,       . ,     10        ,     .

###_Toc530973707

        ( ) 
      (Outsourcing)
        ,         ,   . ,            .        ,         .        ,   .      ,       .      . .:    .

###_Toc530973708

        
      (Production Orientation)
      ,     ,   ,   .   .

###_Toc530973709

        
      (Capacity)
       ,       ,     .       .
         (    )           ,   .       -     -     .   ,     -        .   ,        ?       -,         , ...          " ",     ,      .

###_Toc530973710

        ( ) 
      (Direct Labor)
      ,    (     ).            (  ).

###_Toc530973711

        
      (Production Budget)
       ,           (  ,         . .). 

###_Toc530973712

       
      (Production)
        .      ,        ,        . .:   ,   ,  -,    ,    .

###_Toc530973713

        
      (Batch Processing)

         ,     .

###_Toc530973714

        
      (Zero Based Production)
                .        ,      ,       .     .

###_Toc530973715

        
      (Interium Dividend)
      ,             ,    (   ).

###_Toc530973716

       () 
      (Proxy)
          .

###_Toc530973717

        
      (Intermediate Technology)
      ,  . . ,        . ,        ,    .

###_Toc530973718

        
      (Interium Report)
              (  ),     .

###_Toc530973719

        
      (Bridging Loan)
       ,      ,      -  .  ,      , ,        .

###_Toc530973720

        
      (Industrial Democracy)
          ,               .

###_Toc530973721

        
      (Industrial Policy)
            .            , . .   ,            .      ,              , - ,     , -     ,              ,      .     .            ,       . -,      (   ),      . .:  .       .

###_Toc530973722

       
      (Industrial Engineering) 
               .

###_Toc530973723

        
      (Industrial Marketing)
       ,      (),      .   -      .      ,    ,   ,                  .       "  ".

###_Toc530973724

        
      (Industrial Holding Company)
      ,      ,       ,         . .: ,     ,      .

###_Toc530973725

         
      (Market Penetration)
      1.   ( ),          (  ).        Filofax ( )  10% (10%     )   1%   .  -          ,  ,             . 2.           ,     . ,             99%.

###_Toc530973726

        
      (Quota Sampling)
        ,        .         (- , ,  ),        .   ,    ,      :         .

###_Toc530973727

      "  " 
      (Marziran Layer)
       ,   ,     ,     (""),        ("").   " "   ;       ,        ,    .   " "    ""   .

###_Toc530973728

       
      (Prospectus)
       ,      ,       .    ,        ,       .

###_Toc530973729

        
      (Plain Vanilla)
         - "  ".

###_Toc530973730

       
      (Downtime)
      1. ,         -    . 2.   ("      -     ").

###_Toc530973731

       
      (Professionalism)
                ,   " " -.     (,        )     ,    ,    ,   .  , ,               . 

###_Toc530973732

        
      (Vocational Guidance)
        ,           .

###_Toc530973733

        
      (Professional Core)
        ,      ,         . .:    -.

###_Toc530973734

        
      (Occupational Testing)
             ,    -       (,  ,   ),     ,         .

###_Toc530973735

        
      (Trade Buyer)
      ,   ,        .       , ,         ,             ,    .        , ,       .   ,        ,    .

###_Toc530973736

        
      (Trade Union, Trades Union)
      ,        .

###_Toc530973737

         
      (MPD - Market Development Process)
               ,       ,      ,    .

###_Toc530973738

        
      (Historic Earnings)
         (   ),    (. .   )   . :  .

###_Toc530973739

        / 
      (Historic /)
       " /",     .

###_Toc530973740

         
      (Dead Cat Bounce)
      , , ,           .

###_Toc530973741

         
      (Direct Mail)
         ,             .   -    ,        .           .            :         1% ,      5% ,      .  ""     -  ,       .

###_Toc530973742

         
      (DPP - Direct Product Profitability)
      ,   .    ,     ,   ,                 .     () ,                  .            .

###_Toc530973743

          
      (Right First Time)
       ,   ,          .        ,       (  ) .        ,     ,  . .: .

###_Toc530973744

        
      (Direct Marketing)
         ,       ,  .      , -   .

###_Toc530973745

        
      (Direct Tax)
          ,    .

###_Toc530973746

        
      (Direct Cost)
      ,      , -    ,    .         .

###_Toc530973747

        
      (Psychological Contract)
       . ,   ()          ,        .     ""    ,           .

###_Toc530973748

        
      (Psychological Testing)
                     . .:  .

###_Toc530973749

        
      (Psychometric Testing)
       ,   .        .           ,   . .:  .

###_Toc530973750

         
      (High Fliers)
        ,    .

###_Toc530973751

        
       (PLC, plc - Public Limited Company) 
      ,        , . .    .  ,     -     ,  , -       .         ,    o    ,        ,      .   PLC   SA,  NV  . .

###_Toc530973752

        
      (Switchboard, The Corporation As Switchboard)
       . ,        ,       .

###_Toc530973753

       
      (Bullet, Bullet Loan)
        ,        ,             .

###_Toc530973754

        ( ) 
      (POS - Point Of Sale)
      1. ,             (  ) . 2.   . .:   .

###_Toc530973755

        
      (Dotted Line Relationship)
           ,       "",   - . ,                 ( ),       .       ,  .      ,    . .:  .

###_Toc530973756

      ""  
      (Shallow Organisation)
      ""      .

###_Toc530973757

       ()  
      (Hollow Corporation)
      ,   ""   "": ,    , -      -,        .     -    ,   ,    :        .       . .:    .

###_Toc530973758

        (2  1993 .)
       (Marlboro Friday)
      ,   Phillip Morris        25%,                (,    ),     40%    . 
                 -                 .   1980- -  1990- .  -             ( 15%  ).                    .               .                          , , -,  , -,  ,       .
                     Philip Morris -  23%  .   , ,   Philip Morris     ,           42%  46% (  Marlboro   22%  27%). ,       (     ) .  , ,  ,         .  ""      ,         ,        .   1995 . Philip Morris   ,         
                     Philip Morris -  23%  .   , ,   Philip Morris     ,           42%  46% (  Marlboro   22%  27%). ,       (     ) .  , ,  ,         .  ""      ,         ,        .   1995 . Philip Morris   ,          Marlboro      66%.     ,  " "   (  )   Philip Morris,   -    . .:  .

###_Toc530973759

         .  
      (Porter's Five Competetive Forces)
      .         .    ( )       ,            . .     :
         .
        ,      .
           .
           .
        .
           . 30
      

$$$image/30.jpg

      
. 30.    .
          .                   .

###_Toc530973760

      

###_Toc530973761

         
      (Networking)
      1.     . 2.              . 3.  - . . 4.    ,          .

###_Toc530973762

        ""  
      (Natural Language Processing)
          ,   "", . .  . .:  .

###_Toc530973763

         
      (Moonlighting)
      ,      .        .

###_Toc530973764

         
      (Part-Time Work)
         ( ). .: ,  (. 1932).

###_Toc530973765

         
      (Make-Work (UK), Busy-Work (US)
       ,    -  ,  "   ".

###_Toc530973766

      ,   
      (Knowledge Worker)
       ,  ,   ,          .

###_Toc530973767

        
      (Work Station, Workstation)
        ,          (       ).          ,        ,           .

###_Toc530973768

        
      (Work Measurement) 
        .

###_Toc530973769

       
      (Work Study)
              ,      ( ).    (    )    (    ,  . ,           ).    .

###_Toc530973770

       
      ( Worker Director, Working Director)
      ,     .             .

###_Toc530973771

       
      ( Work Flow, Workflow)
             .      Toyota   . ,           :          ,          ,      .      " " .   . ,     ,      .          ,          ,       . 
       ,  ,       ,         ( ,   ),    . .   .      ,   ,       20  (,   ,      ),         .      (  200 )        60%,   ,   1000  ( ), -  80-100%.   ,    .

###_Toc530973772

         
      (Straight-Line Depreciation)
             .

###_Toc530973773

        
      (EPO -Equal Employment Opportunities)
                (  ),   ( ) .       - .

###_Toc530973774

       
      (Variation)
          . .  ,            " ". .:     .

###_Toc530973775

        
      (Market Intelligence)
          ,       .

###_Toc530973776

        
      (Emerging Markets)
      ,     ,   ,    .         .   10        , ,        .

###_Toc530973777

        
      (Business Development)
             ,         .           ,        .

###_Toc530973778

        
      (Career Developing)
        ,       ,    ,   ,      ,        . .: .

###_Toc530973779

       
      (OD - Organisation Development, Organisational Development)
              ,        .     ,   -    ,  :   .      .

###_Toc530973780

       
      (Dilution)
      ,               (""),            .   ,    -  ,         .

###_Toc530973781

          
      (Dilution Out Of Sight)
        -  .               .   ,       ,        (,    ).    ,          .

###_Toc530973782

       
      (Earnings Dilution)
               .
      .: .

###_Toc530973783

       11- 
      (Chapter 11)
          ,  ,    ,           . ,          .

###_Toc530973784

      
      (De-Merge, De-Merger)

          (,  ,    )     ,              .      ,       ,    .  -     ,        .   -     ,         .
           ,       ,   .         ,    .            ,      " ".

###_Toc530973785

        
      ( Time Sharing)
      1.     . 2.      ,            .

###_Toc530973786

        
      (Pay Differential)

            .  ,    ,  ,     ,     .      ,      ,             ,           ,        ,           .  ,    ,  , ,   ,      ,        ,  ,       ,  ,   . , .   .   , ,         .

###_Toc530973787

        
      (Batch Size)
           .               ,        .

###_Toc530973788

        
      (Size of Firms)
               (   ).   1930 -1970 .    ,       .            ( 95   1980 .    30  1990 .)      ,  1989 . ,     .        ,   ,     ,    -     ,         .

###_Toc530973789

        
      (Vendor Placing)
       ,     .  " ",       ,   ,       .  , ,      -   .               .               . . :  .

###_Toc530973790

         
       (Placing)
          ,          ,     .      "",      ,           .

###_Toc530973791

         
      (Issued Share Capital)
          ,          .

###_Toc530973792

       
      (Variety)
           . .:  .

###_Toc530973793

        
      (NPD - New Product Development)
           (    ),      ,      ,    .        (. 6) .
      
 6.      
      

$$$image/t6.jpg

                ,        .  ,              ,       (  )         .     ,  .

###_Toc530973795

         
      (Process Design, Process Re-Design}
      .: -

###_Toc530973796

        
      (Scenario Planning, Scenario Writing)
                .      1965-1990- . .: .

###_Toc530973797

          
      (Authorised Share Capital}
        ,      .  :   .

###_Toc530973798

         
      (Yield Gap)
            ()    .      XIX .   XX . ,      ,      .   (   )       .
       ""  1960- .    .   1981 .             .  1981 .      ,       ,   ,          ,     - .   1987 .,     ,           ,     .    (     )   "". ,      ,    ,      0, 5% ( ,   ).

###_Toc530973799

       
      (Zoning)
       .     .

###_Toc530973800

       
      (Rocket Scientist)
      ,     -   .     -  .

###_Toc530973801

       () 
      (Annuitant) 
      ,  .

###_Toc530973802

       
      (Rollout)
              ,  ""   .

###_Toc530973803

       
      (Schedule)
           .

###_Toc530973804

       
      (Production Scheduling)
       ,     " "      . .:     .

###_Toc530973805

       
      (Hammering)
      1.   . 2.       . 3.   .

###_Toc530973806

       
      (Distribution)
      1.     . 2.  ,          .

###_Toc530973807

        
      (Allocation)
            .   ,            .

###_Toc530973808

         
      (Allotment)
                   .            ,        .

###_Toc530973809

       
      (Pnisical Distribution)
          ,   , ,   ,     ,    .      ,     .   ,       -     ,   -   .          ,         .

###_Toc530973810

        
      (Resource Allocation)
           ,    ,    . .:  .

###_Toc530973811

       ()  
      (Allotted (Issued) Share Capital)
            ,  
         .

###_Toc530973812

        
      (Distributed Logic, Distributed Processing) 
       ,              () , ""   .

###_Toc530973813

      "" 
      (Unbundling)
      1.      ()          .     .      "". 2.  ,           ,     . ,    ""   ,      ,   ;          ,     .  -   ,      ""  . .: -.

###_Toc530973814

       
      (Remainder)
              ,     .

###_Toc530973815

        
      (Growth Share, Growth Stock)
      ,  ,  ,    (     ,         ).   /  .

###_Toc530973816

        
      (Wasting Asset)
          .

###_Toc530973817

        
      (Settlement Day)
      ,          ,  ,         .

###_Toc530973818

         
      (Line Extent ion)
             ,  "Pepsi Light"  "Gold Cafe"      Sainsbury.       . .:   .

###_Toc530973819

          
      (Brand Stretching)
              .        ,      , ""   .        .  . 7         :
      

$$$image/t7.jpg

                -      .    &Strategy Consultants,     1984 - 1993 .    30%        ,      ""   ""       - 65%.           ,        .
      ,      ,        ,     ,      -  .
       ,  ""  ,          ,      .    :
         ,      ;
             ,        (   ""),      ,     .
             ;            . .:   .

###_Toc530973820

         
      (Brand Extent ion)
                    : " Whiskas"  "Pepsi Max". .:   .

###_Toc530973821

       
      (Job Enlargement)
        ,     ,       . .:  .

###_Toc530973822

      
      (Rationalisation)
      1.      ,      . 2.  -   , ,   ,        . 3.  ,            .

###_Toc530973823

       
      (Realisation)

      1.  -,      .
      2. ,     ,    .     ,        .

###_Toc530973824

        
      (Real Wages)
      ,      .

###_Toc530973825

        
      (Real Value, Real Values) 
      .:  .

###_Toc530973826

        
      (Real Time)
       ,     ,  . ,                ,       .     ,     ?

###_Toc530973827

        
      (Fixed Assets)
      ,   ,    .      ,             .

###_Toc530973828

        
      (Real Money)
       ,    ,   ,   ,  ,      .     1989 .   $ 100 ,   1994 . - $ 130 ,       5%,     ,   $ 100  1989 .  $ 127,   1994 .

###_Toc530973829

       
      (Real)
      1. ,    ,     . 2. ,    "   ":    ,     .

###_Toc530973830

       
      (Peal Accounts)
         ,      . :  .

###_Toc530973831

        
      (Revolving Credit)
         ,    .

###_Toc530973832

       ,  , 
      (Managerial Heresy, Manageriasm, The Management Theory Of The Firm)
        , ,           ,        .   ,   ,  ,   ,   ,       ,    ,    .   , ,   :
            ;
             (   );
            ;
           ;
                .

       ,        :    ;     ,       -    ,     (    ,      ),    .            .            .        ,   ""   ,     ,      ,      "  ",     .            .  ,     ?

###_Toc530973834

      ,  (. 1907) 
      (Pevans, Peg)
          -  .     ,        (Action Learning, 1974) .      ,   .       .         .

###_Toc530973835

        
      (Regional Policy)
                ,    .   ,   ,      .

###_Toc530973836

         
      (RDC- Regional Distribution Centre)
          "  ",    .

###_Toc530973837

        
      (Sales Ledger)
        ( ) ,         .

###_Toc530973838

        
      (Regression Analysis)
        ,        " ",      .        ,                .    ,         ,   ,     . .: .

###_Toc530973839

       
      (Regulation)
              ,         .              .

###_Toc530973840

       
      (Provision)
         ,     ,     .     ,       .          ,   ,   . .:  .

###_Toc530973841

         
      (Pevaluation Peserve)
       .: .

###_Toc530973842

        
      (Back Up Copy)
        ,       .

###_Toc530973843

        
      (Preserve Price)
        ,      .         .

###_Toc530973844

       
      (Residence)
          .       ,      NAFTA,      ,    ,        ,    .

###_Toc530973845

       
      (Resume)
       ,   Cilia  CV (Curriculum vitae) . .

###_Toc530973846

       - 
      (BPR - Business Process Re-Engineerng, Business Re-Engineerng, Business Re-Design)
          ,   ,    ,       ,        .  - () -      1990- .    ,      1990- .   ,   1970- .    1980- . - .       ,     .    ,  -  ,      .     (  Eastman Kodak, Ford  Texas Instruments),       ,       25%,      -  95%.
             .    ,     ,         ,    ,     ,     "",     ,     .    ?  ""      : "",       ,   ,   .
              , . .      .           "  "   .   ,   1776.  .    - -            ,   .   -  IBM Credit,      ,        .            :  ;  ;           ;    ,       .   ,          ,   90 .,           .       ( .  "general" - ) ,    .       ,         ,   .
        "" ?       : "   ?       ?  ,     - ?      - ,       -  ?    ,      ,     ?"
      ,  ,   " ".                  ,  "    ".          ""   ,    ,         ,   , " ".  ,     ,     .
          :
              (     ). 
          .        ,      -   .
          ,    (       ,       ),   ,                ,    .
           ,     ,       .
               ,   "  "   .

         ,      .
              .
        ,     ,    ,     -  ,  75% .      ,       ,      ,     .   ,        ,       . ,             .
           ,        .
      .             ,  .      ,            .     ,            .

      -,  ,   -   " ",         -.        ,             .             ,      ,        .         - -   .

###_Toc530973847

       Ha PACCBETE 
      (Dawn Paid)
      1.         ,    ,    ,       ,  ,       ,         "",       .          (   "     "). 2.          ,       ,     , , ,      Nissan  1991 .           .

###_Toc530973848

       
      (Raider)
        ,       ""   . .:   .

###_Toc530973849

       
      (Rating)
      1.     . 2.  .

###_Toc530973850

        
      (Credit Rating)

       (    - )           ,               .

###_Toc530973851

        
      (RRP - Recommended Resale Price, Recommended Retail Price)
       ,       .

###_Toc530973852

       
      (Re-Compete)
       ,       ;   ;  ,      ;        ,           .
           - Deutsche Bank,   1870 .   .      ,           .           Mitsubishi,        -.
        XX . .      ,   1920- .  Marks & Spencer         (1)       (2)   ,   .
        1950-   IBM  Univacw,   ,     :        ,       .         Apple,            ,   ,   Lotus  Microsoft.
             -      IKEA (.:   ) .       .   -    "".

###_Toc530973853

         
      (Relational Database)
       ,      ,               .          .    " " -  ,    .      ,        .

###_Toc530973854

        
      (Crafting Strategy)
      ,  .    ,      ,          ,     .

###_Toc530973855

       () 
      (Annuity)
      ,         .

###_Toc530973856

       
      (Profitability)
      ,         .             .

###_Toc530973857

        
      (Product Line Profitability)
           (   ),            .        .  ,        (   ),  100% (  )      " " .           ,          .         . .: -,     .

###_Toc530973858

        
      (POS - Return On Sales)
        (      ) ,    ( ). 

###_Toc530973859

       
      (Reorganization)
      1.    , ,    : .: , ,  . 2.        ( )

###_Toc530973860

       
      (Repositioned, Repositioning)
      ,          (    ) .      (       )  "   ",          .  -  ,    ,           ,      . , Lowdes Oueensway,   ,      ,  ,       "  ",       Harris Oueensway,           ""  .   ,      . ,  "Guinness"   1980- .   ,  ,        .            Taunton Cider.

###_Toc530973861

       
      (Re-Intermediation)
      ,      " "  -  ,     .

###_Toc530973862

       
      (Re-Privatisation)
        . ,             (,    ).  .     ,      .

###_Toc530973863

       
      (Re-Segment)
             ,         ,       . .:    .

###_Toc530973864

       
      (Restructuring)
            ,          .

###_Toc530973865

       
      (Resources)
      1. ,       ,  ,    ,        . 2. ,     ,      .   :  , ,    . .:  .

###_Toc530973866

       
      (Refinancing)
           ( ,          ).  -        ,     . .: .

###_Toc530973867

       
      (Recession)
            . .:   ,  .

###_Toc530973868

        
      (Recycling Petrodollars)
       1970- .,       ,  ,   ,   .    ,       ,    ,  ,          .

###_Toc530973869

       "  " 
      (Make Or Buy Decision)
        ,           ,        ( ) . , "   " (. . ),    ,        .            ,   .
      .    "  "     ,           .
      . ,     , ,                   ,    .         .   
         ,    .
           ,      ,    .
         "  " .     .
            ""  "". "      .      ,   ,            ,       .      ,    ,      ".      .    ,       .
          ,      (   ). 
          ,       .         ,              .
       "  "       ,      . .               (. 31) .
        (, IBM)      ,      .     ,   Cell, ,       . IBM      . Dell -          ,      ,       ,  .

###_Toc530973870

         
      (Rice Of Industry)
        ,      ,    ,  ""     .

###_Toc530973871

        
      (Translation Exposure)

      ,       .
      

$$$image/31.jpg

      
. 31.   -    (1991) : Charles Coates. Total Manager, Financial Times/Pitman, 1994

###_Toc530973872

        
      (Risk Arbitrage)
        ,       ,     ,             .        ,    ,    ,    .

###_Toc530973873

        
      (Risk Capital)
          ,  ,           .

###_Toc530973874

       
      (Realtor)
           .

###_Toc530973875

       
      (Robot)
      ,  : ,   .      ,            .        :    (  )   .     ,  ,   ,     .    ,   ,        .  1987 .     14     103209;  1990. - 243 931.       33%.    - 61%    .  ,    ,   4, 5   ,   .    - ,   - , , ,   .
                   .            .     ,          ,        .

###_Toc530973876

       
      (Robotics)
        ; , ,    .

###_Toc530973877

         
      (Level Playing Field}

         ,      , ..          .      :     ,   ,      -   .        ,     .         ,         ,   :         .

###_Toc530973878

        
      (Related Company) 
      .:  , .

###_Toc530973879

       
      (Hive Off)
      . :  .

###_Toc530973880

        
      (Retailing)
         ,       ,          . .:  .

###_Toc530973881

        
      (Retail Bank)
       ,  ,     .

###_Toc530973882

        
      (Pole Playing)
          ,     - ,         ,     ,   ,  .

###_Toc530973883

       
      (Pole)
      ,     ,   . . :  .

###_Toc530973884

        
      (Rally)
           .             ,   ,         ,  .    .

###_Toc530973885

        
      (Job Rotation)
                  ,  .     ,  (1)       (2)           .

###_Toc530973886

       
      (Royalties)
      ,        . .: .

###_Toc530973887

         ( )
      (Top Management)
        ,      ,     ,    ,      .  "  "    "   "  ,        ",    ", ..  ,       ,          .    ,  "  ";       ,       (   )      1  5.   ,       , ,     ,          .

###_Toc530973888

       ,  
      (Supervisor)
      .    , , ,     .     ( ) :       " "     .

###_Toc530973889

        
      (Project Management)
               (    ),        .    ,   .        .          ,  , , .

###_Toc530973890

        
      (Bull-Market)
         , ,         .      ,   -       ( ).

###_Toc530973891

         
      (USM- Unlisted Securities Market)
              .
      ""    ,       .   ,   ,     .

###_Toc530973892

        
      (Bear-Market)
           ( )   .

###_Toc530973893

        
      (Seller's Market)
      ,     ()    ().

###_Toc530973894

       "" 
      (Spot Market)
            (   ).

###_Toc530973895

        
      (Marketing Myopia)
          .   .  , 1960 .

###_Toc530973896

        
      (Market Power)
             (,  ) ;     (        ). 

###_Toc530973897

        
      (Market Capitalization)

           .   .

###_Toc530973898

        
      (Market Concentration) 
      .:    .

###_Toc530973899

        
      (Market Niche)
       -,       ,     .  ,     ,            .

###_Toc530973900

        
      (Mark To Market)
           .   ( )      .

###_Toc530973901

        
      (Market Positioning)
               .       ,    : (1)     ,   (2) "  "  " ".        ,    ,      (,                      ) . .:  .

###_Toc530973902

        
      (Market Follower)
      .:        .

###_Toc530973903

        
      (Market Potential)
      ,      -      .

###_Toc530973904

        
      (Market Risk)
           .   ,    ,          ,        ,      . .:     .

###_Toc530973905

        
      (Market Value)

      1.    ,  , . .        . 2.    -,   ,     . 3.      , . . ,         ,          .

###_Toc530973906

        
      (Market Channel) 
      .:  .

###_Toc530973907

       
       (Market Segment)
       ,  ,    -     .         ,    -  (, , ,           . , , Cl, C2, D  ),      .       ,         .  -,    ,  . - -   ,           .       -,       ,  -.   -     . .:   -.

###_Toc530973908

       () 
      (leverage)
      1.    ,  ,    "". 2.    (  ),    . 3.  "", ,   "", ..              .

###_Toc530973909

      

###_Toc530973910

        
      (Self-Starter)

      ,     ,     .

###_Toc5309739101

       (C)
      (Selfactualisation, Self-Actualisation)
       ,          . .: ,  (1908-1970),    .

###_Toc530973911

         
      (Self-Contained Group)
       ,    7-10 ,    ,       (  , , , , , ). .: .

###_Toc530973912

       
      (Self-Financing)

           ,     .

###_Toc530973913

        
      (Samurai Bond)

      ,     ;    .

###_Toc530973914

         
      (Balanced Product Offering)
              ,        :
        ( //);
       ( // );
       (  /// ).
            ,           .

###_Toc530973915

        
      (Balanced Management Skills)
      , ,           ,  ,   ,                .     -   -.          ,      .     :      ,     ,  ,    .     .      ,     - ,      ,  ,     .  -     .

###_Toc530973916

        
      (Balanced Book, Square Book)
      ,           ,    . .:  .

###_Toc530973917

       ,     
      (Mutual Savings Bank)
          ,     .

###_Toc530973918

        
      (Thrifts, Thrifts Institution)
        ,   .

###_Toc530973919

        
      (Undercut)
         (   ) .

###_Toc530973920

          
      (Commitment Fee)
      ,        -             .      (, 1/4%)   .

###_Toc530973921

        
      (Brilliant Pebbles)
      ,    " "   . .  :    ,        ,     ""   "" .      ,    . 

###_Toc530973922

       
      (Winding Up)

           . ,     ,     .

###_Toc530973923

        
      (Upside)
      1.   ,    . 2.    . :  .

###_Toc530973924

       
      (Swing)
      1.      . ,        $ 2 ,     - $ 5 ,   $ 7 . 2. ,        .          49%, 49%  2%,       .    ,         .

###_Toc530973925

          
      (Flotation)
         ,          .

###_Toc530973926

        
      (Index Linked)
        -     .

###_Toc530973927

        
      (Tied Indicator)
                 .

###_Toc530973928

        
      (Captive Demand)
      ,  ,      ,     ,         -.       ,   ,    ,   ,     -  ,     .      ,     -        :       Gucci     ,      ,             .         ,    ""  ,                .

###_Toc530973929

        
      (Tracker Fund)
         .  ,   (   ) ""    . .: ,  .

###_Toc530973930

         ( -   )
      (PR - Public Relations)
      1.  ,   ,         , ,     .    , ,   ,   ,   , ,             . 2.     ,        . .    ,    . 

###_Toc530973931

        
      (Linking Pins)
      .: ,  (1903-1981)

###_Toc530973932

       
      (Fire)
       .

###_Toc530973933

          
      (Insider Dealing)
          (  ),        , ,        , , , ,      .      1934 .,   -  1980 .        ,         . 

###_Toc530973934

       "" 
      (Bought Deal)
         (   )          ,              .             ,        .

###_Toc530973935

        
      (Piecework)
      ,         .

###_Toc530973936

         
      (COGS - Cost of Goods Sold, Cost of Sales)

         ,     ,      . ,     ,     .

###_Toc530973937

       
      (Segment)
       ,         .      -.                 . - - ,       .  -,        ,    . .: .

###_Toc530973938

       
      (Segmentation)
       ,      ,   ,    , ,       ;     "" -      -. , ,   ,      ( )       (.: , -   ).        -,  -    .     ( )     "".
          ,     ,       ,         ,      .  -        ,                (          ()    ).         ,    ,   ,    ,    ,  ,    .       .
          ,                  . 
            ,   . 
                   ,           . 
           ,        . 
             .       . 
                  ,      ,     ,        . 
         ,       .
             . .        Ford   -   . -     ,    .        ,     ,  General Motors   .  " "  ,   ,     .     ,       ,   "",  . 
           .            :       .       (   ). -      Smiths,      Golden Wonder,      .      .   ,     Walkers,      .    Walkers    .     ,      : Walkers     ,        .       , Walkers       ,       .    Walkers   ,     . 
       -    .    Coca-Cola  Pepsi      .          ,     .   -    Pepsi, ,      ,        Coke.             ,    ,          Cola. ,  Coke        ,  Pepsi,   ,    ,  Pepsi    .           .   Coke    (  )    .  -    ,  ,              . 
        ,    ,       . -            ;     .        ,      ,       .            ,    ( Honda  Yamaha)     .            ,     ,    .       ,            .  ,   :           (   ),         (    Norton).   1970- .       ,   BMW      ,      :  BMW    ,       . 
         ,           ,      ,    ( )       ( ),     .      (     )    95%    . 
           ,    ,         ?  ,   -  . 
                 ?  ,    . ,  Heinz  HP       ,      . Heinz      ,    HP    ,  ,        . 
           ,   : 
                 ?  ,   -  ,         ,    . 
             ? 
               ,         ? 
         (    )   ? 
       ,     ,    (    )? 
           ,       ,         ,     ( 3-7).         ,       ,   ,           .           ()     (           ),        (      ,          ).        .        :         (  ,     )           ? 

###_Toc530973939

        
      (Segmental Reporting)
            ,    , ,   ( ),      .           ,     , ,    (      )         .      "",        -,      ,    . 

###_Toc530973940

        
      (Today's Money)
          ,    .          $ 1000 (      5%)      $ 1500,    -   ?     $ 1000,    ,  $ 1275, , ,    $ 225.

###_Toc530973941

        
      (Seasonal Adjustment)
               ,       .

###_Toc530973942

       
      (Sequestration)
           .

###_Toc530973943

        
      (Sexual Harassment)
          ( )     ,   .      .  ,        . 

###_Toc530973944

        
      (Pie Chart)
            - .    ,    - (     . .).           .         .

###_Toc530973945

       
      (Securitisation, Securitization)
      1.           ,    ,      . 2.   1980- .  ""       ,        ,         . :               ,          .        ,    ,     ,       .    ,  ,       . .   -         ,        .               .  -    .

###_Toc530973946

         
      (Securitised Paper)
        ,   .

###_Toc530973947

        
      (Family Firm)
      ,    (   ,      )  ,             .               -  ? -,    .  ,     70%    ,    ,       10%.  , ,   -      :     ,   .        ,      ,     ,     .  Mars  Toyota -       :    .       ,     ,          .     ,  " " (  ,  )   ""    ,        (    )         .

###_Toc530973948

        
      (Product Family)
         ,      (, ,    ).

###_Toc530973949

       ,    
      (Seven S, 7s Framework )
          " " ;      ,  .   .        1980 .        : , ,  , , , ,  -    " " .        ?    ?        ,    .        ,      .     . 32.
       , ,          .

###_Toc530973950

       () 
      (Service)
        ,    .   -    ,    ,      ,    .

###_Toc530973951

        
      (Sweetheart Union)
               .
      

$$$image/32.jpg

      
. 32.  "" 

###_Toc530973953

       
      (Stockist)
         ,      .

###_Toc530973954

             
      (CATS - Certificate of Accrual on Treasaru Securities)
                 ,    ,     .        -  .

###_Toc530973955

        
      (Grey Market)
            .

###_Toc530973956

       
      (Networks)
              ,  ,    ,    ,    .       ,            .    ,  , , , ,    ,    ,   . .               ,      ,  ,      ,  ,   .

###_Toc530973957

        
      (Network Analysis)
        -     .      . .:   .

###_Toc530973958

        
      (Networker)
      .: -.

###_Toc530973959

        
      (Managerial Grid)
       . 33   .  (. 1918)  .  (. 1930) ,       "  "  "  ".    81  ,       9 ?? 9 -    .      " "  ,       .
      

$$$image/33.jpg

      
. 33.  

###_Toc530973961

       
       (Grey Knight)
          . 1. ,           ""    .   ,   ,      ,     -. 2.   -,     .
              ,   .

###_Toc530973962

          
      (Sitting Next To Nellie)
         ,       .

###_Toc530973963

        
      (Sell Into Strength)
          , ,  ,     ,   .    ,         .

###_Toc530973964

       
      (Symbiosis)
       ,       .   ,         ,    .

###_Toc530973965

      - 
      (Simplex Method)
        ,     ,      .

###_Toc530973966

      ,  
      (Senge, Peter)
       ,    ,  ,   .    " " (The Fifth Discipline, 1990) ,         :
       .
         ,      .
       ,     " " (.:  ).
        (.:   ).
        (.:  ).

###_Toc530973967

        
      (Syndicated Research)
       ,     .

###_Toc530973968

        
      (Syndicated Loan)
       ,      .

###_Toc530973969

         
      (Red Queen Syndrome)
        - ,   ,  .   . : "  :   ,    ,    ,     .    - ,          "".   ,         ,    -.  -      .

###_Toc530973970

         
      (Sick Building Syndrome)

        1980- .:   ( )         -  ,   . . ,         .

###_Toc530973971

       "  " 
      (NIH - Not Invented Here - Syndrome)
                    ,           .     ,     (    ,  ,  ). 

###_Toc530973972

       
      (Synergy)
      2 + 2  5  6 ,  4  3 ( ).        :  ,      ,       ?    ,       ,    .       .
         .       ,       .           ,  -  .
           :        ;         ,         ,    .    ,        ,        .       15-25%,      25-30%.
           ,  -      ,  ,      ,      ,    (  ),     ,      ,   .      ,         .
           :      ,      ,     ,       .     " ",        .       ,  ,           .

###_Toc530973973

      ""  
      (Blue Collar)
      ,      "" .      . .:   .

###_Toc530973974

       
      (Syncronisation)
        ,      (),    (  ).       ,    ,      . .:     .

###_Toc530973975

        
      (Synchronising Management)
       ,    ,   ,        ,     ,      . :  .

###_Toc530973976

       "" 
      (Turnaround Situation)
         , , ,       ,  -     .        ,   "".

###_Toc530973977

       
      (System)
              .  -  ,  ,    .

###_Toc530973978

       4 
      (System 4)
          . ,      :  1,  2,  3,  4   5.

###_Toc530973979

         
      (CAE - Computer Aided Engineering)
          .

###_Toc530973980

       "  " 
      (Hub And Spoke System, Hub And Spoke)
         ,           .       ,      .

###_Toc530973981

          MSL 
      (Hay-Msl Job Evaluation)
             , , ,   ,       -.

###_Toc530973982

         
      (Delivery System)
               .      ,   " ",          .      -  IKEA,       ,        . IKEA         .      :        ,        ,        , ,      .  ,           .          ,         ,    .

###_Toc530973983

        
      (Systematic Risk)
      .:     . 

###_Toc530973984

        
      (Reward System)
      .:  .

###_Toc530973985

          
      (DBMS - Database Management System)
         ,         .         (   );          . 

###_Toc530973986

        
          .          .   . ,      ,        .  " "    ,        ,  . , . , .   . .

###_Toc5309739861

        
      (Systems, Systems Analysis)
       () ,   .

###_Toc530973987

        
      (Control Systems)
             (      )  ,           .      ""  ,        ,        .   ,  , ,  Hanson,         .        ,       ,          .           ;   ,       . ,   ,     (    )    ,   ( )      (   ),       XIX .,        .

###_Toc530973988

        
      (Pay Systems)
        ,       .            ,       ""     /      .        ,      ,     .

###_Toc530973989

        
      (Situational Structures)
        1960- .  ,           ,           .      " ". .:  .

###_Toc530973990

       
      (Scalar)
      ,       ,  .

###_Toc530973991

        
      (Scalar Chain)
        ,                 (  )   . .:  .

###_Toc530973992

        
      (Environmental Scanning)
           ,       .

###_Toc530973993

         
      (Quantity Discounts)
                    .     .

###_Toc530973994

      , . . (1904-1990) 
      (Skinner, B.F.)
       ,         .   , ,  ,   ,          .

###_Toc530973995

        ( )
      (SKU - Stock Keeping Unit)
           .     -       .

###_Toc530973996

        
      (Warehouse Club)
           .                ,   .        .                  ,     . 

###_Toc530973997

       , , 
      (Marginal Competitor, Marginal Supplier, Marginal Proucer)
      ,   ,      .      ,     ,   -  "  ".    -    ,  ,       ,   .

###_Toc530973998

        
      (Fashionise)
        :        ,    ,   ( )          ,    ,             ,    .

###_Toc530973999

       
      (Tracking)
      ,   .

###_Toc530974000

        
      (Blind Test)
        ,   ,       ,    .       ,         .

###_Toc530974001

       
      (Merger)
                .     .  . ""  "  ".

###_Toc530974002

      ,  (1875-1966) 
      (Sloan, Alfred)
         ,     ,  General Motors  1923  1955 .,   "   " "" (My Years with General Motors, 1963).     . -,  1920- .   General Motors,    ,     .            . .      ( ,  ,   - ),  ,      . 
      -, .     ,        .   ,      General Motors,         :  ,     "Ford-",      . .     ,      (    "Chevrolet", "Oldsmobile", "Pontiac", "Buick"  "Cadillac").    " " .     :     ,    ,    General Motors          . 
           :        .  ,  General Motors     - (),       50  . 
      -, .       ,    ,    General Motors,    .   50-70 ,         .
      .   ,  ,  " "      ,      ,    .    ,       .     ,    .    .       " ".        .

###_Toc530974003

       
      (Staff)
          ,    ()        (   ),   ,    (  ,     ).

###_Toc530974004

      - 
      (Smart Card)
         (  ),        (smart - , );     .

###_Toc530974005

        
      (Adjacent Segment)
         -,   ""     ;           .   ,  ,    ,                 . ,      ,   ,    , .         ,      .
                    ,   ,       .      ,  (      )        ,      .
             ,    ,  ,     ,  . , ,     , ,            .            ,       .   , ,      ,      , ,    (           )   ,       . .:  .

###_Toc530974006

        
      (Endowment Mortgage)
       : ,    ,        .

###_Toc530974007

       
      (Sourcing)
        .  . .: .

###_Toc530974008

      " "   
      (Market Skimming, Market Skimming Pricing)
               " "    ,      .  -   ,     .   -  ,       " "   ,     ,           . ,  " "   ,   ,        .           ,       .    ,          ,     .

###_Toc530974009

        
      (Joint Venture)
      ,   (50%-50%, 49%-51%     )  ""  , ,     ,      ( ).  ,       .  ,       ,   .
                  ,  , -   ,        . ,   -     ,           ,    ,    ,       , ,    . , Toshiba     IBM, Honda -  Rover. 
             ,        ,        . .: .

###_Toc530974010

      "" 
      (Dog)
      1.  ,    . 2. ,     ,        (     )   ( 10 %  )  .     ,  "" (    )    -        .       .            "",      "" .      ""    .        ,    (    ).    ,  ""      (  "  "), , ,         (" "). .:     .

###_Toc530974011

        
      (Equity)
        " " - "  ", " ", "  ".  ,      ()  (       ),        .

###_Toc530974012

        
      (Net Worth)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974013

         
      (Shareholders' Equity, Shareholders' Funds)
            .     ( 2),    ,      .            . 

###_Toc530974014

        
      (Perfect Competition)
         .     ,         ,                    (  )  .     ,       (,  ,   ).             ,     ,       .

###_Toc530974015

        
      (Management Development)
           .   ,    ,    , . .:   ,  .,  .,  .,  .,  .   </a.>.

###_Toc530974016

        () 
      (Board f Directors, Company Board)
        ,     ,         . .:    .

###_Toc530974017

         
      (Window Guidance)
           ""    (Bank of Japan)     .

###_Toc530974018

        
      (Work Sharing)
        ,   ,       .

###_Toc530974019

        
      (Co-Financing)
             ,           .

###_Toc530974020

        
      (Conjoint Analysis)
          ,   ,               (). ,     ? ,          ( $ 30 000),  ,       ( $ 28 500)?    ,      ,     .              .         .

###_Toc530974021

        
      (Cost Sharing)
                .     ( 50%)       . .:    .

###_Toc530974022

        
      (Aggreated Rebate)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974023

       
      (Matching)
        : ,           .  ,      .

###_Toc530974024

          
      (Agreed Bid)
        ,         .  ,       ,      - ,        ,    ,     ,    .
       " "    ,           ,              ,    . :    .

###_Toc530974025

        
      (Strike Price)
      1.     ,    . 2.   () ,                        .

###_Toc530974026

        
      (Stockpiling)
                 .

###_Toc530974027

        
      (Team Building)
              ,  ,   .                  . .:  . ., ,  (1934), ,  (. 1917)   () . 

###_Toc530974028

        
      (Disintermediation)
        (  ) ,      :   .        ,     ,       ,      .

###_Toc530974029

         
      (Short Time, Short Time Working)
            ,        , ,    ,        .

###_Toc530974030

        
      (Crown Jewels)
      1.    -  , ,   . .,     ,    . 2.    ,    ""   "  "  ,            .

###_Toc530974031

        
      (Doubtful Debts)
      ,    ,     .

###_Toc530974032

       
      (Sleeper)
      ,          . ,     Filofax     1920- .,         60 .

###_Toc530974033

        
      (Spin-Off, Spinoff)
       ,         .    ,        .

###_Toc530974034

          
      (ZBB - Zero Based Budgeting)
            ,         ,       .  ,    .     .

###_Toc530974035

         
      (Supply Side)
         ,   ,   , ,    ,   .       ,    ,  ,    ,      .       ,        .      .

###_Toc530974036

       ()  
      (Customer Retention)
            .   ""     10-30%;    ,    ,   .     ,        .           . ,       5%       25-100%.        -        .           "" ,            , , ,    .   ""          ,         .         ,            .          ,  ,         ,        .           . 
             ,     ,      .       ,        ,      ,         ,  -  . ,    ,   ,  ,            ,            .         ,   .   ,         -   ,         .        (  ) -   .         , ,      ,     ,     .

###_Toc530974037

         
      (Corporate Social Responsibility)
      ,   . .:  .

###_Toc530974038

      -  
      (Social-Economic Group)
       ,      "".       A, B, C1,C2, D  E.

###_Toc530974039

        
      (STS - Socio-Technical System)
      ,  .  ( )       -     . .:  . 

###_Toc530974040

        
      (Speculative Buy)
          : "  ,     ,  ".

###_Toc530974041

       
      (Speculation)
       .

###_Toc530974042

         (, ) 
      (SDR - Special Device Rights)
        1957 .   .         .       ,   . 

###_Toc530974043

       
      (Speciality, Speciality Goods, Specials (UK); Specialty, Specialty Goods (US)
      1. ,              . .:      . 2. ,    ,  .

###_Toc530974044

        
      (Specific Risk)
      .:     .

###_Toc530974045

        
      (Virtuous Circle)
       " ".    

       .  . 34     .
      

$$$image/34.jpg

      
. 34.   

###_Toc530974046

       
      (Write Off)
             ,      .

###_Toc530974047

         
      (Stock Split)
       ,     :    .

###_Toc530974048

       
      (Sponsor)
      1.    ,         . 2.    "",  -   . 3. ,  .

###_Toc530974049

       
      (Sponsorship)
      1.    ,        ,      ;   -  . 2.    (  -)  .

###_Toc530974050

           
      (Value Added Statement)
       ,  ,         -  ,  ,  ,  ,      .

###_Toc530974051

       
      (Spread)
              .         ,    ,     .

###_Toc530974052

       - 
      (Bid-Offer Spread)
      .: .

###_Toc530974053

      " " 
      (Sleeping Beauty)
      ,       ,  ,    ,  "" (     ),     "".

###_Toc530974054

      ""  
      (Sleeping Partner)
       ,  ,       .   ,        ,           .        "-"  "   ".

###_Toc530974055

        
      (Weighted Average)
        ,         . :     ,     5%,  - 15%,     80%  ,  - 20%, -      10%,   (0,8  5) + (0,2  15) = 7%.

###_Toc530974056

        
       (Weighted Average Cost f Capital)
         -    .      (,   , -   )    (,       ,            ,             ). ,        (  ""),     ,  .
      ,  ,       ,     ,                .   ,                - ,      .

###_Toc530974057

       
      (Mean)
       .

###_Toc530974058

        
      (Moving Average)
          (   ),   . ,                ,        .          .      . ,             . .:  S. 

###_Toc530974059

        
      (Mid-Tech)
         ,      ,     ,     ,    ,       ,  .

###_Toc530974060

         
      (Middle Price, Middle Market Price)
           ,        ,         :       .

###_Toc530974061

       
      (Term)
       ,          .

###_Toc530974062

         
      (Payback, Payback Period)
      ,   ,  ,    ,   .  ,    $ 450 .,   ,  $ 150 . (     ),      .          ,        ,         .          ,   ,         .     , ,        .    ,      , -  .

###_Toc530974063

         
      (Grace Period)
      C,       .

###_Toc530974064

        
      (Term Loan)
       ,                   ( 3-10 ).

###_Toc530974065

        
      (Time Deposit)
         .

###_Toc530974066

       " " 
      (Balloon Loan, Balloon Payment)
      ,            (" ").

###_Toc530974067

      -  
      (S&L - Savings & Loan)
        ,    ,     (    ),      ,     .  ,   -      .

###_Toc530974068

        
      (Steady State)
           ,    .

###_Toc530974069

        
      (Accrual Ratet)
          ,   .

###_Toc530974070

       
      (Stagflation)
          :         .

###_Toc530974071

       
       (Behaviour Standards)
      ,         .       (  ,   ).

###_Toc530974072

       
      (Start-Up)
        ,      .

###_Toc530974073

       
      (Seniority)
             .

###_Toc530974074

      " " 
      (Glass Ceeling)
           ( ,       ,    )    .

###_Toc530974075

        
      (Management Styles)
        .   .  "  " (Strategies and Styles, 1987)      .     :  ,     .      :  ,  ,  ,      . .   ,    .

###_Toc530974076

        
      (Value Graph)
           , ,      .

###_Toc530974077

        
      (VA - Value Analysis)
        (     )      ,          .

###_Toc530974078

        
      (VE - Value Engineering)
                   .         ,       .         ,  ,       .

###_Toc530974079

        
      (Value Gap)
              .  ,  ""    ""  "",   "",       "".

###_Toc530974080

           
      (Asset Value Per Share)
              ,    .       ,     ,        .   "    " (   )     ,  -     / ( " /").         :
       ,    ,            ;
               ,    .

###_Toc530974081

        
      (Cost f Capital)
         :    ()    ().     ,   ,         (  ""),     .         ( ),    ,      ,   .    , ,  ,       ,     .  ,        .

###_Toc530974082

            
      (Service-Competency Values)
               ;  ,    ,        .            (   )   . ,       ,     Microsoft        , . .         600%   .  , ""  Microsoft    "" .

###_Toc530974083

       -  
      (Stop Order)
         () ,       (-).

###_Toc530974084

       -  
      (Stop Price)
      ,       ()  .

###_Toc5309740841

      - 
      (Host Country)
      ,         .

###_Toc5309740842

      
       (Passion)
         .      ,        .   . ,         ( ,   )    , , ,   .       ,   ,  ,     .      .  ,    ( -   )  ,  Matsushita, Apple, Mars, British Airways, , .     ? .: , ,  ,  .   .

###_Toc530974085

        -  (  ) 
      (SBU - Strategic Business Unit)
       ,   ,     - .   1970- .,   - ()   .    .  1970 . . ,  GE,     ,           .  General Electric     "" : 
         ( ),    ,    .
            ,         .
          ,     ,   . 
          ,        . 
            .                       .        ,           ,     . .:   - .

###_Toc530974086

        
      (Strategic Group)
           ,   .

###_Toc530974087

        
       (SPU - Strategic Planning Unit)
       -,   ,         ,  - (). , ""      (),   ,     "".      (   )    , . .         ,    -   ,        .

###_Toc530974088

         
      (Strategic Venturing)
            .   . ,     ,       .   -   ,          ,     .         ,       .           ,      ( , ,     ).     ,         ,       .

###_Toc530974089

         
      (SDF - Strategic Degrees f Freedom)
      ,         . .  ,  ,     ,     .   General Electric  ,     10 ,        ,      3 .      ,       .          .           .

###_Toc530974090

        
      (Strategic Control)
              .   . .    -         .    , , ,      ,    -      .    , ,        .      ,             .         .  ,     ( 1980- .), .   .   Courtaulds, ICI, Imperial Group, Plessey  Vickers. .   .    ,       ,      ,   -        (    ).    ,    -,    ,            . .   .         ,         ,       ,        ,         .  1993 . .   .           . ,     - ,        (Imperial  Plessey),     ,  (Vickers)   "", ,  (ICI),     .    ,         ,      ,      .            .

###_Toc530974091

         
      (Strategic Stake)
          ( 10-30%),          ,      ,    . .: " " 

###_Toc530974092

       
      (Strategic Pentangle)
      5 "":  (company),  (customer),  (competition),  (currency)   (country). .:  .

###_Toc530974093

        
      (Strategic Alliance)
                  .     ,           .             ,      ,     ,    ( ,  ),          .     (Grundig  Philips,      ,  Honda  Rover   );     (Marks & Spencer           ,     ).            (.: ),   ,         ,   France Telecom  Deutsche Telecom.
            ,   XXI .       ; ,        .         ,  ,   ,         -.       ,  ,  ,        Honda  Rover. ,  1994 .  British Aerospace,  Rover,       (Honda  20 % ).          ,      BMW.    ,     ,       ,    British Aerospace        , ,           .         .     : (1) Honda             ; (2)               .   -  ,     ,    .

###_Toc530974094

        
      (Strategic Triangle)
      3 "" ("C") . :  (company),  (customer)   (competition).  1990 .        "C":  (currency)   (country),   ,              ,    .  .      ,      .

###_Toc530974095

        
      (Strategic Intent)
            .  ,   ,     : , " "  . ,  "          "  Coke,  " Yamaha"  Honda.        (    2-4 )    ,     10 .

###_Toc530974096

        
      (Strategic Planning)
              .   . .            . ,    ,             ,          .          -,          .         .  ,       ,  (1985-1987 .) BOC, BP, Cadbury Schweppes, Lex, STC  UB.
             ,  (   ) .          ,       . ,         ,   ;           ,     . .:     ,       :      .

###_Toc530974097

       
       (Strategic Advantage)
      .:   

###_Toc530974098

        
      (Strategic Programming)
              .   . ,    ,   "" .               .          (  ).     -    :   - ,       .  ,           .

###_Toc530974099

        
      (Strategic Fit)
           .

###_Toc530974100

        
      (Strategic Hedging)
            ,       ,        .

###_Toc530974101

       
      (Strategy)
          ,   ,     ,     ,     (     ,   , ),  ,    .    ,       "".
            , ,            "  ".  ,       " " -   ,     ,        ,          . 
      ,        ?  ,          ?   ,       ,    ,    ,          ? 
           ,     .         -     (        )   ,   -   -   ,     ,   (,   ),     ,   ,     .        : ,     "". 
           ?    . 
           .
            ? 
              -?     :  ,         ? 
                    ?         (  ,   , , , )? 
      ,   -   80%  .      ,      .  ,  ,        ,    ,          .     ,   80% ,       . 
              -?             "/".      ? ? 
          -     . 
          :    ? .:  .
             (  )   ,       ?    ,   ,            ? 
       -         ,         ?     ,  ,       ?         ?   ,    (      , ,   ,      )?       ,      . 
        ,     ,         .            (       ),   -  ,  ,   ,      .      ?      ?   ?       ?       ?         ?    ?       ?        ,    - ,    . 

###_Toc530974102

       - 
      (Business Unit Strategy)
        .        .     -,  , :   ,   ,      ,    .

###_Toc530974103

        
      (Mop Up Strategy)
       ,       ()         . 

###_Toc530974104

        
      (Gameplan)
      1.    ,  ,     . 2.    ,  ""           -  .

###_Toc530974105

          
      (R&D Strategy)
             ()      .  ,        .  , -, ,          ,       .     ,      .  ("  ")        " "  .       ,       . -   ""     ,  . 
        - "  " -   . -                  .          (     ).  ,     "/ ",      ,          .     "  ", . . ,       . .: , , ,     . 

###_Toc530974106

         
      (End-Game Strategy)
           ,   ,       . .:  .

###_Toc530974107

          
      (Corporate Level Strategy)
        . .:   (2- ),    .

###_Toc530974108

        
      (Push Strategy)
             ,   ""   ,   ""   .

###_Toc530974109

        
      (Pull Strategy)
          ,   ""    ,         .

###_Toc530974110

        
      (Pricing Strategy)
      1.   ,       ,     .    :
          ,        ,       ,        ;
         ,     ,       ,          ,        ;
        ,       ,   ,          ,         ,    ,          .
      .:  ,        .
      2.           ,     

###_Toc530974111

       
      (Strip)
      1.       :    ,   ,    ,      . . 2.     :     ()  ,    .    Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (      ).

###_Toc530974112

        
      (Strip Mall)
            ,   ,     ().

###_Toc530974113

      "" 
      (Asset Stripper)
        ,        , ,        . ,    ""  ""  1950-1960- .;     ,       ,        ,           .          "" ( -  " "),           .    ""   "  ",  ,     ,   -   -  ,   .   ""        ,       .     -   .

###_Toc530974114

      C " " 
      (Turnkey Project)
               ,            .

###_Toc530974115

       
      (Structure)
      1.  : .  .       (  . ),   ,   :      ,       .         .   .   General Motors:   ,    ,       (),    .    . .     : "  ,   100%  ".  ,       ,  ,     .  ,  McKinsey, CNN, EDS,   ,      " ",       . 2.  . .:    . .

###_Toc530974116

        
      (Asset Structure)
             ,     ,     "".

###_Toc530974117

       
       (Ageing Of Debtors, Age Analyses, Age Profile Of Debtors)
            .  ,   ,        30  (0-30 , 31-60   . .).    ,   ,    - .

###_Toc530974118

        
      (Cost Structure)
          ,     .      -       ,    ,            (. . 35).
           ,     . 36.  ,        (    )           .     ,  ,         .           ,       ,           ,            .             ,           . .:      ,        .

###_Toc530974119

        
      (Capital Structure)
           .          ,  ,    .      ,       .
      

$$$image/35.jpg

      
. 35.    
                       . ,        ,    ,       ,       .   " " -     . 
              .       ,    ,       .           ,   ,         ,   ,         . ,  ,   ,          ,       " "  . .: ,    ,       ,     .
      

$$$image/36.jpg

      
. 36.     1950  1990 .

###_Toc530974120

        
      (Market Structure)
       ,      :  ,  ,           . .: ,  (. 1947)

###_Toc530974121

        
      (Funding Structure)
             . :     .

###_Toc530974122

        
      (Structured Interview)
        ,              .   ,         .

###_Toc530974123

       
       (Structural Synergy)
      .: .

###_Toc530974124

       
      (Straddle)
               ,             .   ,       .

###_Toc530974125

      "" 
      (Acquisitives)
      ,       ,        .    .   1993 .  ,     1984-1992 .      ,  "":      8% ( "" - 18 %),     ) - 9% (18%),    - 7 % (10%),     - 15% (21%).     P/E ""  ,    ,        ,  ""      ,   ""  .   1986 -1990 . ""   ,          , ,     . .: 

###_Toc530974126

      
      (Underlease)
            

###_Toc530974127

       
      (Subculture)
      ,   -  . ,         .

###_Toc530974128

       
      (Sub-Scale, Sub-Scale Firm)
      ,                   .         ;      ,     .

###_Toc530974129

        
      (Subordinated Debt, Subordinated Loanstock)
       ,          .   -         ,        . :  .

###_Toc530974130

       
      (Subcontracting)
          " "  . .:  .

###_Toc530974131

        
      (Writ)
             .

###_Toc530974132

        
      (Twilight Shift)
               ,     .

###_Toc530974133

          
      (Break Up Value)
                          ,    .          ,    ,   .          ,        ,    -      . .: .

###_Toc530974134

      "" 
      (Super-Star)
         ,   .   ""  ,        .

###_Toc530974135

       
      (Scenario)
      ,    Royal Dutch/Shell. -         (    ,   ,    . .),           ,         .          ,  (   )   .       ,              .

###_Toc530974136

         
      (Reserve)
       ,  ,       .

###_Toc530974137

           
      (Margin Account)
          :    ,       .  .

###_Toc530974138

      

###_Toc530974139

       
      (Tycoon)
         (.) " ".

###_Toc530974140

      - 
      (Time-Out)
             -    ,    ,         ,   ,     . ,   -,       .

###_Toc530974141

      - 
      (Time Meneger)
         ,     " ".

###_Toc530974142

       " " 
      (Scorched Earth Defence)
         ,    "" ,   ,    ,     (.  ),      (,      ,         ).   " "   ,          .

###_Toc530974143

        
      (Bonded Warehouse)

      ,    ,    .    ,        .

###_Toc530974144

       
      (Rate Card)
             .         .

###_Toc530974145

      ,  
      (Townsend, Robert)
        Avis,           . .     ,    ,           :           .

###_Toc530974146

       
      (Tachistoscope)
       ,        ,       .

###_Toc530974147

        
      (Hard Currency)
      ,   ,   . :  .

###_Toc530974148

        
      (Hard Discounters)
            ,    .

###_Toc530974149

        
      (Creative Accounting)
       ,      ""  " "  ,   ""       .         ,    .      ""     ,        ,            .   ,         ,    ""        ""   "".   :   Polly Peck  Maxwell Communications,             ,   .

###_Toc530974150

      - 
      (T-Group)
       . ,      .   -    ,      .   -     ,     .  -       ,       .

###_Toc530974151

      ,   (1856-1915) 
      (Taylor, Frederick Winslow)
       ,    (1911 .).  " "  "  ",    , ,  , ,       (   ),             , ,     (          ).  -     .         ,  ,    . .       ,   . .     ,       .      . .:  .

###_Toc530974152

       
      (Taylorism)
        . ,   .

###_Toc530974153

         
      (Labour Turnover)
       ,   ,            100%.

###_Toc530974154

        
      (Current Asset)
       (    ), ,  ,           : ,  ,     .

###_Toc530974155

        
      (Current Liability)
      ,       .          .

###_Toc530974156

         
      (TT - Telegrafic Transfer)
        .

###_Toc530974157

       
      (eleconferencing)
            ""   ( - ),              .           (       ,         )     .   -    ,   (    )    ,    ,   -   ,       . 

###_Toc530974158

       
      (Telemarketing)
       : .

###_Toc530974159

       
      (Teleprocessing)
         ,    .

###_Toc530974160

       
      (Telesales)

            ,      .           (    ).

###_Toc530974161

       
      (Teleworker)
         ,       ,   ,          .  :  .

###_Toc530974162

       
      (Videotext Systems)
              ,          .   .

###_Toc530974163

        
      (Telephone Selling)
        .

###_Toc530974164

       
      (Teller)
       .

###_Toc530974165

      " " 
      (Motherhood)
         , ,    ,  ""   .       .  IBM, , ,       :    ,         .        95%  .      " ".      : "      ?"    ,     ,           ?   ,        ,   ,             " ":        .    " "   .

###_Toc530974166

        (  )
       (Downside)
      1.        . 2.   . 3.    -           : "      ,    ". 4. ,         .

###_Toc530974167

       
      (Temp)
       -  ,  -   ,   .

###_Toc530974168

        
       (SGR - Sustainable Growth Rate)
       ,   ,   ""     (   )    .      1970- .     ,          (      )     (    ).     (    ),   ,   ,           ,  ()            ,            ,        .  ,   ""  ,       :
      SGR=D/E(R - i)p + Rp,
      : SGR =   ;
      D/E = / ;
      R =      ;
      i =     ;
      p =   . 
          -   ,     .        ,          ,     .           ,  ,     ,      ( )        .            .

###_Toc530974169

       () 
      (Trend)
      ,   ,  .   - ( )    . ,     ,       .

###_Toc530974170

       
      (Trendy)
        , ,  ,  . -    .

###_Toc530974171

       
      (Tender)
      1.             . 2.   . 3.   . 4.      . .:  .

###_Toc530974172

        
      (Tender Offer)

       ,         ,     .

###_Toc530974173

        
      (Shadow Organisation)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974174

         
      (Hidden Agenda)

         ,      .

###_Toc530974175

        
      (Shadow Price)
      ,   ,     ;         .

###_Toc530974176

        
      (Shadow Director)
      ,    ,       ,      .

###_Toc530974177

        
       (Stakeholder Theory)
      , ,               (, , , , ,   ),     .  " "  ,      ,     -   .
             ().   ,    (         ?).   ,     ,   ,          .             ,      ?   -       ,         (-  I .)    ,         . 
      ,    ,        ,                  (   - ).   ,         ,     .  (  " ") ,            ,  ,      ,   .                  .   ,     (      )      ,    (  ),                 .  ,          .     ,           ,    ,      .        , ,     ,    .      ,       ,    ,                ,    . 
        " "    ,   .         :       ?              :   ,  ,      .     ,    -     .     ,      : ,   ,  ,     - ? , .     ,    ,      (   )   ", , ":    ,     ,     ,    ,     ,   ,    ,       ,    -  ,   ,         .  ,            ,   ,   ?      (  ,     ,      ),      ,    ,    .  .   1909 . ,     ,     " " (      )    (  ,       ),   : " ".   ,    ,   ,           ;    ,   .

###_Toc530974178

        
      (Game Theory)
        ,   1944 . .   (1903-1957)  .  (. 1902),             . .:    .

###_Toc530974179

        
       (Queuing Theory)
        , ,         , ,    ,   .  ,                   .

###_Toc530974180

        
      (Contingency Theory)
      , ,        :     ,  .      ,  ,       (   -  - ),  - ,       . .  ,   ,      .             ,       .   (- ,    ,       )      .

###_Toc530974181

        
      (Negotiating Theory)
         ,     , ,     .         ,           ,      .  ,     ,     ,        .     ,         .        ,        .      ,       .

###_Toc530974182

        
      (Field Theory)
       .       (     ).     ,            (       ),  "" (  ),     ,         .       ,        .

###_Toc530974183

        
      (Portfolio Theory)
      1.       ,    . .:    . 2.      . 

###_Toc530974184

         
      (Random Walk Theory)
      ,              , ,  .       .

###_Toc530974185

         
      (Supply Side Economics)
       ,           ,    .

###_Toc530974186

       W 
      (Theory W)
          ,    1974 .      Y.  W ( Whiplash . -  . - . .) ,      ,        ,  .  , ,          ,      ,             . 

###_Toc530974187

       X 
      (Theory X)
      .  ,     " ,     ,  ,   -       ".   .    .       .

###_Toc530974188

       Y 
      (Theory Y)
        ,    ,     ,            . .       .

###_Toc530974189

       Z 
      (Theory Z)
          1964 . .    Z,         .     . ,        ,      . ,      Z,        ,    (      ),   ,              ,           . .: .

###_Toc530974190

       
      (Terminal)
      1.    . 2.  .

###_Toc530974191

           
       (GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test)
             ,      .     .

###_Toc530974192

         
      (Recall Test)
      ,    .   -    ,       ,      .

###_Toc530974193

       
       (Technical Analysis)
                  . .: .      ,   -  ,     .

###_Toc530974194

        
      (Technical Rally)
           ,    ,           .    ,  ,     .

###_Toc530974195

        
      (Technological Obsolescence)
          (   )      ,        .        .          .

###_Toc530974196

        
      (Process/Product Based Organisation)
        ,       .     :        ,       ,   ,  ,    ,        .  ,   ,    ,   .  -       ""     ""    .

###_Toc530974197

       
      (Technology)
       -    .      ( ,  ),  (   ,      )    (   ,     ,      ,    ).      ,       ,           .

###_Toc530974198

       
      (Tick)
      1. . 2.      .

###_Toc530974199

       1  
      (Type 1 Executive)
       ,  . .  1  - "  ": , , ,  , ,  .      .    :  , . , . , . , . , . , . ,  ,     . .  1  ,   ,   ,   ,  .          ,     ,        .        .  ,    (1, 2  3)     ,      . -,      ,         . -,      ,    ,   ,     ,   .

###_Toc530974200

       2  
      (Type 2 Executive)
      .     ,   ,    .        ,      :     ,    - .       ""     ,   .      . , . , . .  2 -     .

###_Toc530974201

       3  
      (Type 3 Executive)
       3  ,    "", , . ,       ,   3    ,    "  ",  " ",    "".    .    3 : ,  ,  ,  IV,  , . , .  , . , . , .   . .        3,      1,    ,    2,     .

###_Toc530974202

        
      (Generic Strategy)
      ,  . ,     : ,   .

###_Toc530974203

        
      (Generic, Generics)
      ,    . .:      .

###_Toc530974204

      - 
      (Product Mix)
      1.  :  . 2.    (  )     

###_Toc530974205

         
      (KVI - Known Value Item)
      ,          ,       (, "Coca-Cola").             ,       .   ,   ,      (, ),    .

###_Toc530974206

        
      (Product Line)
        -        (,       ).       ,      . 

###_Toc530974207

       
      (Partnership)
      .: .

###_Toc530974208

        
      (Product Strategy)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974209

        
      (Product Segmentation)
              , ,     . .:  ,   -,    ,    ""  -   .    - -.

###_Toc530974210

      -  
      (Inventory)
       ,   ,  ,   .

###_Toc530974211

        
      (Product Range)
      1.  . 2.        . .:   ,       . 

###_Toc530974212

        
      (Trade Mark, Trademark)
       , ,  , ,  ( ),      .      ,       .

###_Toc530974213

        
      (Giffen Goods)
      , ,  ,    ,      .           (1845-1846)   Rolls-Royce. ,  -  .

###_Toc530974214

         
      (Convenience Goods)
        ,            .

###_Toc530974215

       "" 
      (Spot Goods)
      - ,        .

###_Toc530974216

        
      (High Ticket Goods, High Ticket Items)
        , ,   .

###_Toc530974217

         
      (Commodity)
       .        ,      ,         " " -     .      ,            .             . ,  ,   -    ,   ,         .   ,      - "  Heinz", -   Heinz         .       -      - .   ,            .       .     ,   RHM    " "    "  ",    "     ". RHM     ,     .      ,            ,         ,  ,     ,    .

###_Toc530974218

        
      (Trade War)
         , ,   ,      .

###_Toc530974219

       
      (Trade Fair)
        .       (  )       .   (       )      ,      

###_Toc530974220

        
      (Sales Force, Salesforce)
      ,    ,   , ,   ,   ,      .

###_Toc530974221

      "  " 
       (Due Diligence, Commercial Due Diligence)
           ,       ,   , ,   ,  , ,      ,  -  ,  ,         .        ,   .           .    :        , ,      .               ,    .

###_Toc530974222

        
      (Trade Association)
      ,                 .

###_Toc530974223

        
      (Brand)
        / ,        ,         .         .        ,  "Coca-Cola"  "Ford",    ,   "St Michael"  "Sainsbury",  ,     ,   "British Airways"  "Air Canada".     " "         ,  "Diet Coke"  "Club Europe".
              ,    -   ,        .         ,     .    ,          .      ,                ("IBM"  )     ("Rolls Royce"    , "Mars"   ,  "Snikers" -   ).                . , Heinz     , Kellogg   , Mc Vitie  , Schwepps   , Colgate   , Kodak  -  , Gillette  ,  Johnson    .
           :
                         .
              ,                    .      ,   ,  Kellogg  Walkers Crisps,    .   ,              ,   .   ,              30%    .
           (        )          .         .
              .              1918  1960 .                  .    25         (  )               (,    ,   ).
                  , ,                    " " (,  "Miller Lite"  "Guinness Draught Bitter").
            . , ""  "   "       ; -      ;    ,   "Duracell".
       ,         (  ).          .      ,     ,   ,   ,   , , ,    .

###_Toc530974224

         
      (Proprietary Brands)
        ,      . :   . .:  .

###_Toc530974225

        
      (Block Trading)
         .       -     .

###_Toc530974226

       "  " 
      (Kerb Trading)
          .

###_Toc530974227

      ,  
      (Toffler, Alvin)
      ,   .     - " " (Future Shock), " " (The Third Wave)  " " (Power Shift) -  ,   .      .  " "    1980 .,            .    ,   ( )    ,          ("")   , ,  ,  ,   ,        ,    .   ,    . ,   ,    :   ()   . ,             ,    .
      .   ,         :    ,   ,           - ,      . .  " "      "   ".

###_Toc530974228

        
      (JIT - Just-In-Time)
           ,        ,          .         ()    :
                      ;
                   ;
             :      .
                               ,       .     (, ,   Toyota  Matsushita)   ,       .
        ,     ,    ,       ,            ( ).           " ".  " " -  ,      . . -  .  ,        , ,          ,  ,       .   ,               (  ) ,   ,       ,     .         . .:    .

###_Toc530974229

       
      (Trunking)
              . 

###_Toc530974230

       
      (Transaction)
        ,    .

###_Toc530974231

        
      (Transaction Costs)
      ,   - (, ,  )  .   -    .

###_Toc530974232

        
      (TA - Transactional Analysis)
        "  ,   ",   1960- .   . ,   ,      (  )    ,         .   ,   " " (. .       ,     )      ,      -  ,     .      " ",     .  -  "  ",      ""    .       , ,         (  ) "", ""  ""    .     , ,      ,  ,      ,     .

###_Toc530974233

        
      (Transactional Leadership)
       ,            ,      .

###_Toc530974234

        
      (Transnational Corporation)
      ,  .           : ,  "" ("") ,       ,   ,       ,        . .:  ,  . 

###_Toc530974235

        
      (Transportation Model)
           ,       .

###_Toc530974236

        
      (Transportation Tableau)
         : ,    -  ,   - .

###_Toc530974237

        
      (Transfer Payment)
                 .        ,    ,       .

###_Toc530974238

        
      (Transfer Price)
      ,       . 

###_Toc530974239

        
      (Transfer Deed)
      ,     .

###_Toc530974240

       
      (Transformation)
               ,    ,       . ,      : 75%     . -,      : 
             ,       .
        (,    , .:   )        ,   .
           :   ,     .
          ,      .
             () .       ,    ,    .
              ( ),     .

###_Toc530974241

        
      (Transformational Leadership)
       ,       .    ,        .

###_Toc530974242

       
      (Tranche)
            ,          .

###_Toc530974243

       
      (Trust)
      1.            . 2.      . 3. ,          .  -  ,  ;      ,    .  ,   ,    . 4.   ().

###_Toc530974244

        
      (Call, Cash Call)
                     ,          .

###_Toc530974245

         
       (Disclosure Recuirements)
       ,          ( ).

###_Toc530974246

        
      (Sensitivity Training)
        ,        . .: -      .

###_Toc530974247

         
      (Tertiary Brand)
         ,      " "              .         40%      ,       ,    , .         ,         ,      ()   (.:  ),   ,          ,   ,      .

###_Toc530974248

       
      (Triad)
            :   (   ),   /.    " .    " (Triad Power: the Coming Shape of Global Competition, 1985)  "  " (The Bordless World, 1990) .    ,       " ",      ,          .   ,          "",    .

###_Toc530974249

      ,  
      (Trist, Eric)
      ,    ,           ,        ().    ,             .    .   ,      ,      " " (Organisational Choice, 1963).  ,   ,     ( ,   ),  - ,        .        ,   .  ,  . ,   ,     ,               .     .          .    .

###_Toc530974250

      ,  
      (Trompenaars, Fons)
           .  (  . -)   "  " (Seven Cultures of Capitalism)   "   " (Riding the Waves of Culture, 1993),       ,     ,   ,        ,    ,      . .    ,          -  " ",     "   ",       .    ,       ,                 .       . .:  ,  ,  , , " "   .

###_Toc530974251

       
      (Workaholic)
      ,      ,         .

###_Toc530974252

       
      (Touch)
             :         .

###_Toc530974253

        
      (Tavistock Institute)
                         1940  1970 . .:   ,  .,  .   .

###_Toc530974254

      

###_Toc530974255

       
      (Category Killer)
       ,      ,    ,   , .         ,         .

###_Toc530974256

      " " 
      (Harvesting)
                      ,  , ""   . " "             .  ,       , ,    .         ,      ,         . ,     ,    " ":     ,      ,  "     ".              ,           . 
      " "      ,            ,       .          ,     .   ,  " "    ,     -   ,         . ""      , , ,        ,        P/E.   ,        ?
       " ",     , -    . .:  .

###_Toc530974257

       
      (Take-Out)
       ,           .

###_Toc530974258

        
      (Loss Leader)
      ,    ,     ,          .           ,   ,     ,    .

###_Toc530974259

         
      (Write Up)
           , ,    ,   .

###_Toc530974260

        
      (Substitution)
                  - (). .:    . .

###_Toc530974261

        
      (Delayering)
        "" ,        ,   ,      .    ,            30-50% (  90%).  ,    ,       .            ,  ,  "   ".

###_Toc530974262

          
      (Unit Labour Cost)
               .

###_Toc530974263

        
      (Unit Cost)
           ;     .

###_Toc530974264

        
      (Witholding Tax)
      1. ,     ,  .       .       . 2.   -  ,    . 

###_Toc530974265

       
      (Satisfaction)
      .:     .

###_Toc530974266

         
      (Job Satisfaction)
           :     .

###_Toc530974267

        
      (Narrow Market)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974268

       
      (Nodes)
      1.      ,   ,     . 2.    ,       .

###_Toc530974269

         
      (Tax Evasion)
       ,     .

###_Toc530974270

        
      (Window Dressing)
            ,   ,   ,           .      ( "")  ,  ;     .     .

###_Toc530974271

        
      (Variety Reduction)
                     ,   ,     .       .

###_Toc530974272

         
      (Take-Home Pay)
             .

###_Toc530974273

       
      (Universalism)
         ,   ,             ( ),  ,   ,      ,   ,     .        .       ,     -      , ,   (   ) -  . ,   Mars  Ford  1920-1930- .       ,        ,        .  -      . ,     ,     ,  ,      . .:    .

###_Toc530974274

        
      (Universal Product)
      ,           , , "Coca-Cola",   "Mars"   "Big Mac",  ,    ,  "Macintosh".         :  ,     ,     ,   ,    ""   .       : -,      ,      -  ,    ,  -,  ,            .  -     -   .  -    ,         . ,             . .: .

###_Toc530974275

         
      (USP - Unique Selling Point, Unique Selling Proposition)
        ,        ,  .  ,      - ,  -  .      ,       ,   .   ,       .

###_Toc530974276

       
      (Unitisation)
           .

###_Toc530974277

       
      (Allfinanz)
        ,    ,   .

###_Toc530974278

      ,  (. 1936) 
      (Waterman, Robert H Waterman Jr)
            . ,    "    ()" (In Search of Excellence (1982)). . ,  ,    ,  , , ,      .     : " " (The Renewal Factor)  ": ,  " (Adhocracy: the Power to Change).      ,      ,     . .  ,   ,   ,        . ,        .    ,   1994 .     "   " (What America Does Right)     "   " (The Frontiers of Excellence), .    ,  "   ",   Levi Strauss, Federal Exspress  Motorola.         .    ,            ,    .         .  .    , , ,      .     ,         .

###_Toc530974279

         
      (National Industrial Decline)
          .       ,          .         :         -      ,    .

###_Toc530974280

        
      (Declining Industries)
       ,           .     . -,       .      -       .     -   ,   ,       .         ,            .    -    ,     " ".   Yamaha    ,          : ,      10%,   .
       .     ,         .        ,    ,         .    -   ,   ,     .

###_Toc530974281

       
      (Packaging)
      , ,           .   ,    "Coca-Cola"          ?  ,  ,    "Perrier"         ,         ?           .      ,     ,  ,  .

###_Toc530974282

        
      (Horse Trading)
      ,        .

###_Toc530974283

        
      (Asset Management)
      1.    ,     . 2.     ,        .

###_Toc530974284

          
      (Crisis Management)
       ,    ,         .

###_Toc530974285

        
      (Time Management)
            ,             .

###_Toc530974286

        
      (Stock Control)
       ,           . .:  .

###_Toc530974287

         
       ( - Activity-Based Management)
                  ,                   .             -,      ;         . .   .

###_Toc530974288

       "-" 
      (MBI - Management Buy-In) 
              ,     .            .      ,  ,   (       1980- .).  ,  "-" (MBI) -    "-" (MBO).         ,      ,         ,            ,       .  ,  ,       MBI  MBO, ,    ,     MBI   .   MBO     ,        ,   -  "", ,      ,     ,       .            ,            ,  , ,       . .   "-".

###_Toc530974289

       "-" 
      (MBO - Management Buy-Out)
         ,   (  )    (  )   .         1980- .      ,     .        ,        "" ,      ,      .             .          ,  35%-40% (  ), ,    ,       .      . , . ,     Premier Brands,      Hillsdown Holding  45  . .
       ""           ,      ;   ,      . ,   "-"     ,       (  )   (  )     .  -         .             "  "    " ",     ,        .   ,     ""            (        ""). .:    "".

###_Toc530974290

           
      (Governance)
      .:    .

###_Toc530974291

        
      (Liability Management) 
        .

###_Toc530974292

        
       (Operations Management)
         .        ,   ,     . .:   .

###_Toc530974293

         
      (Management By Exeption)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974294

         
      (MbO - anagement by bjectives)
         ,   1950- . .        . ,     "     ,           ".    ()          ,       ,        ,      .
              1960-1970- .,     ,     . ,    .          ,         ,     ,   ,         , .       ,           .     ,       ,       .  ,  ,   -    ,  .       ,        .         ,       .

###_Toc530974295

        
      (Portfolio Management)
         .              (,    ,      15   ). .:     .                        -  .

###_Toc530974296

         
      (Post Acquisition Management)
          ,      .     ,      ;   ,      ,     .          .         () ,   ,        .       .

###_Toc530974297

        
       (PPM - Product Portfolio Management)
         1970- . ,  ,    -      .                 .         . .:  ,  .

                ,          1980- .      .          ;  ,    ,             ,   .

###_Toc530974298

         
      (TQM - Total Quality Management)
         ,    - , ,   ,   "     ".           ,     ,    .         ,   (   ,     )  .            (    )          ( ) .           , " " ,     ,             ,        .

###_Toc530974299

        
      (Fund Management)
              .

###_Toc530974300

           
       (KMS - Knowledge Management Structure)
      ,  . ,     . .  ,  ""     ,   ,           .  ,     , ,       .    -   ,          !    Goldman Sachs -  ,     .        ,     ,   .

###_Toc530974301

        
      (Management Consulting)
             :     ,     ( Booz Allien  ),    ( Proudfoot),           "    ".        ,          .        (,  ,  ,  , ,  ,  ),     ,    ( ,  ,  ,  ).   ,      ,    .        .       ,            .    ,  ,     ,     ,     ,  .       :      -   ,     . ,               . .:   .

###_Toc530974302

        
      (Management Synergy)
      .: .

###_Toc530974303

        
      (Lead Manager)
      ,     .

###_Toc530974304

        
      (Fund Manager)
         ,    .

###_Toc530974305

       
      (Downsizing)
             .    ,           .

###_Toc530974306

        
      (Saturation Level)
        ,         ,        . .:  S. 

###_Toc530974307

         
      (Reordered Level)
            ,    .         (   ,        ).

###_Toc530974308

        
      (Accelerated Depreciation)
                 ,     ,  ,  .

###_Toc530974309

        
      (Qualification (Of Accounts) Qualified Opinion, Qualified Auditors' Report)
           ,       "   ",       ,    .      .

###_Toc530974310

        
      (Escrow, Escrow Account)
      ,    ,     ;     ()   ,     ,  -   .

###_Toc530974311

        
      (Contingent Liability)
       ,       .        ,     ,         .

###_Toc530974312

       
      (Service)
      1. ,     ,        . 2. .: .

###_Toc530974313

       
      (Averaging, Averaging Down, Averaging Up)

         ,      .   -  ,   ,        .    ,       .

###_Toc530974314

        
      (Average Management)
        ,      ,    ,         .     .

###_Toc530974315

        
      (Articles f Association)
      ,  ,     ,      .  ,      :  ,   , ,           (,     ,      ).

###_Toc530974316

         
      (Penetration Pricing)
            ,       .               . .: ,       .

###_Toc530974317

        
      (Sustainable Profits)

        ,        . ,     ,            25%.      ,     ,             .

###_Toc530974318

       
      (Shrinking)
       ,         .

###_Toc530974319

      "" 
      (Leakages)
         ,  ""   ,         .     .       ,         :    . .:  .

###_Toc530974320

      ""  
      (Sunk Cost)
        ,              .

###_Toc530974321

         
      (Tax Avoidance)
       ,     .

###_Toc530974322

         
      (Market Exit)
          "" . .:   .

###_Toc530974323

        
      (Written Down Value)
      ,        ,    .

###_Toc530974324

        
      (Write Down)
             ,    .

###_Toc530974325

        
      (Invoice Discounting)
       ,         ,        .       ,      ,          ,      .   .

###_Toc530974326

        
      (Participating Preference Share)
       ,    ,      .

###_Toc530974327

         
      (Participation)
         "   "               .          ,       . .:      ,        .

###_Toc530974328

       
      (Members)
      1.  (   ). 2.        ( ,      ).     .

###_Toc530974329

       
      (Apprenticeship)
              ,       .       .

###_Toc530974330

        
      (Inflation Accounting)
      .:    .

###_Toc530974331

         
      (Social Accounting)
            . .:  "/".

###_Toc530974332

          
      (Historic Cost Convention) 
       ,    :        ,     .

###_Toc530974333

          
      (CCA - Current Cost Accounting)
                      .          ,    .    ,  ,    .

###_Toc530974334

         
      (Human Resource Accounting)
      .:   .

###_Toc530974335

         
      (Human Asset Accounting)
       (,   -  )        (   ),             .  ,   :    ,   ""      ?

###_Toc530974336

        
      (Trend Fitting)
          (   )       .

###_Toc530974337

        ( ) 
      (Discount Rate)
      1.  ,        ,     .  ,          . .:   . 2.       ,   . 

###_Toc530974338

       
      (Vulnerability)
      ,     ;  ,      .  -    ,            .         .
         (     )       (   ).
          ,    ,      - .
                   .
                  .
               ,      .
           ,       ,   .
                 ,   ,     ,     .
             .
              .
           ,      ,        .
            .
                  .
        ,  " ",       .   ,    ,        .       -          . .:  "/". 

###_Toc530974339

      

###_Toc530974340

      ,  (1841-1925) 
      (Fayol, Henry)
        ,  ,         . . .   "   " (1916) -       ;    14     .
       .
           .
      .
       ( ,  ).
             .
         .
        .
                .
        .
      .
      .
         .
      .
      Espirit de corps ( ).
                ,          . .     ,             .

###_Toc530974341

        / 
      (PEG - Price Earnings Growth Factor)
        ,  . .    (    ) . PEG   /,        . ,     / = 20 (    ),         20%, PEG = 1,0.   / = 25,  ,       40%, PEG = 25/40=0,625.  PEG ,  .   PEG  0,75   (  0,66), ,   "  ". , ,  :
             ; 
         ,     ( ).
       - PEG -      ,   ,  ,     .

###_Toc530974342

       
      (Factoring)
              (. .         ).   (  "")   ()   85%    .   ,     ,        .  ,        ,      . .:  .

###_Toc530974343

        
      (Factor Analysis)
            (      )            (""). .:  .

###_Toc5309743431

       
       (Federalism, Organisatoinal Federalism) 
       ,     ,          .     - ,     (, ,  , ),     ,          .           .         ,    ,    -,           .   ,    ,    ,      ,     ,             -   . .:   .

###_Toc530974344

       
      (Feudalism, Organisational Feudalism)
        ,      (     ),                 .        . .:   .

###_Toc530974345

           
      (Phantom Share Option Scheme)
       (   ) ,   ,      .       ,    ,      .

###_Toc530974346

        
      (Financial Structure)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974347

        
      (Financial House)
        ,         .

###_Toc530974348

        
      (Financial Engineering)
             ,  ,      ,    , . .   ,      .    :
       ;
             ;
           ;
       "".
       1980- .     ,        (  ),         .                 .

###_Toc530974349

        
       (Financial Control Company)
           ,       .   .  (  -     ).  ,       ,             .           . ,       ,  .               ,         ,       .    : ,   .     .   .   BTR, Ferranti, GEC, Hanson  Tarmac.
              ,  ,      .     .      ,      ,     ,     .                ""  .

###_Toc530974350

        
      (Finance Lease)
          ,       ,   .       ,  ,    ,    .       .

###_Toc530974351

       
      (Complete Finisher)
             . : ,   ,            .

###_Toc530974352

         
      (Single Status Firm)
      ,       ""  "" , . .    ;   -  ,      (,  ).           -?

###_Toc530974353

       
      (Focus)
          ,       .   1964 .             ,    ,    .       -  ,       .         ,     ,          .   -  Sharp,      ,       .   1973 .     45 ,  Sharp -     -,      .

###_Toc530974354

      - 
      (Focus Group)
              .    - (6-10 ),        .  -        ,    ,        .

###_Toc530974355

      ,  (1868-1933) 
      (Follett, Mary)
       .             . ,       ,         . .        ,   (     .   . )  ,   " . ".

###_Toc530974356

         
      (Money Market Fund)
       ,       .

###_Toc530974357

        
      (Bourse)
         -,  .

###_Toc530974358

         
      (Share Price Index, Share Index)
      ,       ,      ;          .          ,       .         " ",           ,   ,       .       .

###_Toc530974359

        
      (Forward Cover)
            ,            .

###_Toc530974360

        
      (Forward Contract)
          ,             .

###_Toc530974361

       
      (Fordism)
      ,        ,     , ,    ,      . . .          ,    . .: ,  (. 1925)

###_Toc530974362

       
      (Fortran)
       ,    ,   .

###_Toc530974363

       
      (Forfait, Forfaiting)
        ;       ,        (,  ).

###_Toc530974364

       
      (Fragmentation)
        ( ).       ,   . : .

###_Toc530974365

        
      (Fragmented Market)
      ,              .

###_Toc530974366

       
      (Franchise)
                    ,      .  "Benetton",  "Cafe Rouge",  "Kentucky Fried Chicken", "McDonalds", "Mrs Field's"  "Tie Rack" -   ,       . ,        ,       . ,   ,        ,      ,         .       ,     ,          ,   ,  .  ,    -          .             .

###_Toc530974367

       (  ) 
      (FED, The FED)
           ,    .

###_Toc530974368

        
      (Enabling Technologies)
      ,       ,        ,       .

###_Toc530974369

        
      (Fundamental Analysis)
         "   "        .  ,    ,     ,        .

###_Toc530974370

        
      (Functional Structure)
      ,       () . -       ,     .  ,        ,   .     -     ,    ,                 ,       . .:  -.

###_Toc530974371

        
      (Functional Organisations)
      ,   .

###_Toc530974372

        
      (Going Concern)
       
      .

###_Toc530974373

       
      (Function)
            , ,   , , , , ,   . .

###_Toc530974374

       
      (Futures)
           , ,           .          ,         .                      .  -    .

###_Toc530974375

      

###_Toc530974376

       
      (Chaos)
           ,      .    ,      ,         ,   " ". --...

###_Toc530974377

         
      (Hedging Currency Exposure)
        ,          .

###_Toc530974378

      ,  (1915-1992) 
      (Henderson, Bruce)
          (),         .              ,   "/ " ( ),  ,  ,    ,        -.          ,           ,        .     ,         ,    ( )     .   ("    "), .         ,        .    ,                  .        (       )       .
            ,         .   , ,    ,           .    ,           ,    .   McKinsey.     :       ,      .          "   ".    1960- -  1970- .     "",     ,    (  )     (   )  ,      ,         (    )       -.  ,     .      ,           -.  ,    ,     .
                   ,     " " (   ).            ,    .    ,       ,   ,      ,     .        ,       .      . ,             -.
         .  ,         .

###_Toc530974379

       
      (Predator)
      1.  (  ),          . 2. ,   ,     .

###_Toc530974380

        
      (Predatory Pricing)
                .   (   ),           ,    () .    ,  , ,    .

###_Toc530974381

         
      (FMCG - Fast Moving Consumer Goods)
            (    ),     ,  , ,  , ,    .       ,     .       .       ,       .     (  $ 15)  ,      .

###_Toc530974382

      " " 
      (Hockey Stick)
      , ,      (,    )    ,      .   ,          .  ,  ,   .  ""    ,   .

###_Toc530974383

        
      (Holding Company)
      1. ,     ()  . 2.  ,   ,       ,       .    ,        ,      ,       :          .

###_Toc530974384

        
      (Cold Calling)
       ,            .

###_Toc530974385

        
      (Hawthorne Studies)
      ,    1920-- 1930- .    Western Electric  , ,      -        .    ,            .

###_Toc530974386

        
      (Hawthorne Effect)
               Western Electric   ,         ,      .  " "  ,          ,     ,          .

###_Toc530974387

       
      (Ratchet)
          .        ,     ;         .      .

###_Toc530974388

       
      (Lame Duck)
       ,  ,     .

###_Toc530974389

      -,  
      (Hampden-Turner, Charles)
         ,           ( ,   ).                    , ,         . 
      . -   ,     , ,   ,     : " " (Corporate Culture, 1990)  "  " ("The Seven Cultures of Capitalism", 1993),   . ).
           ,      .        ("       ,  Volvo  Volvo").         ;       (    )     .         .  -   (   )  ,         .  -      ,  .    ,   ,       ( ,   ,    ). 
      . - ,        :
        ;
          ;
          ;
            .
                   ,         ,     .      ;           ,   (    " " ),  ,   (     ). . -            ,           . 
           -       Volvo     .    Volvo     ,       :      ,  (  ) ,   .       ,      ,   ,   ,      ,      .          ,  ""      ""  . -     .     ,       ,        Volvo,     ,     .  ,      .
            ""   ,            .
      .: , ,  , , ""     .

###_Toc530974390

      ,  (. 1932) 
      (Handy, Charles)
         , ,   ,    :   ,     .  (  ),       .
           .    " " (The Age of Unreason, 1989)  " " (The Empty Raincoat, 1994),  ,    (   ) ,   " " (Gods of Management). .  ,             .        ,       -,    () ,       .        ,       ,         . .  -  , ,   ,          ,        .  .  ,                   ,     , ,       ,       . 
        " " .    ,    " ",     .     1/2  2  3 -                 ,        -     ,        (    ),        .          ,        ("   ,              "  "       ").    ,    -       ,   " ". ",  ,    ,        ".    " "      . : "        ".
           " ",   ,         ,     XXI .    ,    ,      . .            .

###_Toc530974391

      

###_Toc530974392

        
      (Target Market)
          ,     . .:   -.

###_Toc530974393

       
      (Purpose)
        .        .
            , ,     ( )   (    ).
             . ,   Body Shop: "   ,   ,      ,   ".
        , ,  ,  ,   .
         ,   ,     "" .
      .: .

###_Toc530974394

        
      (Replacement Cost)
            .      .

###_Toc530974395

         
      (Exercise Price Of Option)
      ,            . .:   .

###_Toc530974396

        
      (Price Realisation)
         ,       .

###_Toc530974397

       "" 
      (Spot Price)
           .

###_Toc530974398

        
      (Bid)
      1. .: . 2. ,       (   ,       ,         (.: ).      . 

###_Toc530974399

        
      (Offer Price)
      ,      ,      . :      .

###_Toc530974400

       
      (Values)
       ,  , , , ,  ,    , ,    ,     .  -  ,          .         .
          :
      .      ,  ,   ,    ,  ,    ,  "  ".
      .       : , "  ", "  ",  , , , ,   , , , .
        .   :   , , " ", , , , , ,   ,    , " ", "", ,  .
       . , , ,  ,  ,  .
        . , ,   ,  - ,  -   ,  , , , , , , " - ", , , , , , "  ", ,  , ,  ,   , , .
      -. ,  ,  ,   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,     ,   ,      .
        ,     ,        ,   ,          .     ,   .         , ,     .           ,    ,           ,         . .:    .

###_Toc530974401

      ,    
      (VFM - Value for Money)
          .   ,       ,     ,       ,     .  ,    .

###_Toc530974402

        
      (Security) 
      1.  ,     . 2. .: .

###_Toc530974403

          
      (Bearer Security)
          ,      . ,    (  ,   ,    ).

###_Toc530974404

       ,  
      (Asset Backed Security)
          ,      ,          .

###_Toc530974405

           
      (Gilts, Gilt Edged Securities)
        ,        .

###_Toc530974406

        
      (Price War)
           ,     .         .        ,      ""    .

###_Toc530974407

        
      (Price Discrimination)
      ,  ,       ,        . ,     ,  ,     . .: " "  .

###_Toc530974408

        
      (Price Umbrella)
       ,        (    ),              ""    .         (      ),     "  "  ,    ,  ,    . .:     "/".

###_Toc530974409

          
       (Full Cost, Full Cost Pricing)
      1.  ,     ,     . 2.    -,    .

###_Toc530974410

          
       (Marginal-Cost Pricing, Marginal Pricing)
      .:      .

###_Toc530974411

           
      (Average Pricing)
                .  ,               , ,      ,               (      ,      ).
                ,      . ,     ,         ,        ( )  .  ,   ,          ,          .           (     ),    .      ,  -, , ,  ,        .           , ,    .         30%  .
              ,       . ,   ,      (   )        . ,      ,     ,    .            .         .

###_Toc530974412

      ,     
      (Market Penetration Pricing)
          ,               .   ,       ,      .     ,    -   , ,         .

###_Toc530974413

       
      (Centre)
         - ,     ,      ,    .   .     "".        ,       ,   ?       ,           ?      ,   : 
        ,    ,   ,   -  ,            ,          . 
       "",  ""      ,            . 
                   . 
                 . 
                    . 
       ,  (  )  . 
                ,         .    - ,      .          -    ,      ""    ,  .

###_Toc530974414

        
      (Cost Centre)
       ,   ;      ,     . :  .

###_Toc530974415

        
      (Profit Centre)
       ,  ,  ,   ,       .       - (). ,    -  ,         .

###_Toc530974416

       
      (Centralisation)
         .      1970- . .:  .

###_Toc530974417

        
      (Centralised)
         (  .   . )  .    .     ,          -    .        .    ,         ,       .      ,   , -  ,        ,         .

###_Toc530974418

        
      (Chain f Command)
       , ,      .    ,   - ,      . .:  ,  .   .

###_Toc530974419

        
      (Supply Chain)
         ,   .

###_Toc530974420

         
      (Value Chain)
             ,              ,    , ,     .              .          , ,   , ,      ,   .  -              ,        .   1980 .

###_Toc530974421

       
      (Shopfloor)
        .

###_Toc530974422

        
      (Shopfloor Worker)
      "" ,  .

###_Toc530974423

        ,  
       (Business Cycle)
       ,            /  ,      /.       XIX . . .    50-60- ,        7-10-  (  3-5-),   .   1880- .       (,           ,   -        ),      ,       .       ,    ,     .     ,     ,    , ,      ,     .   ,       1991-1993 .      ,      .                ,   ,       ,    .

###_Toc530974424

      

###_Toc530974425

            
      (Partly Paid Shares)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974426

       
      (Chartism)
      -   ,     ,     . ,    (chart . - "", charter . - "". - . .)    ,    -     ,       .     ,     ,     -  (    - )           (, ,  ),  ,   ,      .        ( " "  " "),      () .
      , ,   "" ,    ,     ,    ,        .     ,   "": ,   ,      ,    ,  ,   .      , , ,      "" ,            ,     ,   . 
        ,   : ""    ,   ,     ""  ""  ,      .

###_Toc530974427

        
      (Failure Rate)
      ,         .

###_Toc530974428

         
      (Own Label, Own Brand, Private Label)
             ,   .         ,    .          ( ) ,     ,    .        "".     ,   "St. Michael" (Marks & Spencer)  "Sainsbury",    .        ,    . ,               .   ,  Pedigree Petfoods  Kellogg,     ,   .
        ,  (, Sainsbury  sco)      ,      . ,   ?

###_Toc530974429

         
      (Private Placement)
          ,            .       ,        .

###_Toc530974430

        
      (Private Banking)
      1.  - ,    ,  Brown Brothers Harriman (-), Lombard Odier (), C Hoare & Co (). 2.       " ",       ,      .

###_Toc530974431

       
      (Chek (US), Cheque (UK))
                 ;      .

###_Toc530974432

        
      (Human Resources)
                .  " "   ,    ,     ,         , , ,  "   ".       ,   ""  ""?

###_Toc530974433

        
      (Black Tuesday)
      29  1929 .        .

###_Toc530974434

        
      (Black Monday)
      19  1987 .       .

###_Toc530974435

        
      (Black Knight)
        ,      . :     .

###_Toc530974436

        
      (Black Thursday)
      24  1929 .   .

###_Toc530974437

        
      (Black Box)
      ,    ( )    (,  ),   ,    ,       ,    .

###_Toc530974438

        
      (Arms Length Price)
        ,       .            ,      .

###_Toc530974439

         
      (Four O's Of Purchasing)
       (Objects).      ?
        (Objectives).        ,       ?
       (Organisation).         ?
       (Operations).    ,    ?

###_Toc530974440

       P  
      (Four Ps Of Marketing)
      1)  (Product).  ?   ?    ?  ? 2)  (Price). 3)     (Promotion). 4)  (Place).     .

###_Toc530974441

        
      (Span Of Control)
          .     6-7 . ,  ,     ""        .     ,   " "  7-30     .

###_Toc530974442

         
      (Numerical Control)
           ,     ,    .        1952 .       (),            (),       (),       .  -        .

###_Toc530974443

          
      (Net Book Value)
             .  ""   ,  ,                       ,   "" - ,                .

###_Toc530974444

         
      (NPV - Net Present Value)
                    .       ,          ( ,   ),          .

###_Toc530974445

         
      (NAV - Net Asset Value) 
      .:  .

###_Toc530974446

        
      (Net Assets)
            ,  .       .

###_Toc530974447

          
      (Net Assets Per Share)
         ,     . .:  "   ".

###_Toc530974448

         
      (Net Operating Accets)
        .     .         ,  ,     .

###_Toc530974449

          
      (Net Realisable Value)
      ,       ( ),    ,    .

###_Toc530974450

        
      (Associates)
      1. ,  . 2. .:  , .

###_Toc530974451

        
      (Overtrading)
                 ,        .

###_Toc530974452

      ,  (. 1918) 
      (Chandler, Alfred)
          .   "  " (Strategy and Structure, 1962)         1850 - 1920 .   .    : 
       ,        , ,           - .      ,     .    -  :    , ,   ,  .   . .
       ,        ,    " " ,      ,  " "  . .  ,      .
            (   )  .    ,  .   General Motors,       1963 .        &   ,   ,  ,     1980- .
      .          :   ,   -    -   . .  ,  .  " ":    ,             .   , , . ,    ,   .

###_Toc530974453

      

###_Toc530974454

      "" 
      (Cap)
           .     "-"    ,       .  "", ,    .

###_Toc530974455

      ,  .
      (Schein Edgar H.)
          ,     " ",    .   "  ":    .  (   ),    . , .   .  ( ). .    ,       :
      - (   "Process Consulting" (1969),   ,              ;
       ;
       . 
        -     ,       ,            .      (  , ),         ,    .        .
        -         ,      .   ""             . 
      .         ,   ,  ",         ".         (   , , ,         IBM). .       . .: .

###_Toc530974456

      ,  (. 1937) 
      (Shoenberger, Richard J.)
       -  ,    : "  " (Japanese Manufacturing Techniques, 1982)  "   " (World Class in Manufacturing, 1986).    ""    (   .). ,      "  " (Building a Chain of Customers, 1990),   .  ,      ,         ,     () .            (  ): "  ,  ,    ". .           .      :          ,      .   .     -     .    .

###_Toc530974457

         
      (Range Versus Focus)
      ,        :       (              ),        , , ,     ,      .           ,        .               .         ,      .  ,        ,      ,           . .:  ,      . 

###_Toc530974458

        
      (Time Scale)
      ,    .

###_Toc530974459

         
      (Human Relations School)
         ,  . ,     . , . , . , .   . .       1930  1970- .     " ",        .    . , . , . , . -, . , .  ,    , . .       ,   ,          .                 .            ,          .

###_Toc530974460

        
      (Business Schools)
       , ,   ,        ,      ,     . ,     ,      ,  , ,        (,  ),     ().   ,     -          .  ,      ,    .   -  -,      .               .   -      ,     ,     .   ,       ,    ,     ,    ,      ,          . .:   .

###_Toc530974461

       
      (SCAB)
      ,        .

###_Toc530974462

        
      (Bar Code)
        ,    ,           ,                 .

###_Toc530974463

       
      (Noise)
      ,      .

###_Toc530974464

      ,  (1911-1977) 
      (Schumacher, E. F.)
      .       " ",     "Small is Beautiful" (1973).        "  ,  ,    ".    ,   ,        1950  1970 .  ,   .     :          ,      .
        , .    "  ",           ,    ,     . " " -    ,    ,         ,   ,  .   ,    ""  .       ,      ,  ,         ,      .  ,      . ,  GM  1920- .,    .    GE  "/" . .  -      , ,   ,      ""   .        .
      "  " .  -   : , ,                 ,          .

###_Toc530974465

      

###_Toc530974466

      
      (Ageism)
       ,       (    ,   ). 

###_Toc530974467

      ,  (1934) 
      (Adair, John)
        "   ".     , ,       .        : (1)     , (2)  . ,    "   "      .   .               .

###_Toc530974468

        
      (Existential Culture)
      C.: .

###_Toc530974469

        
      (Environmental Audit)
          ,        ,    ,       " ".

###_Toc530974470

       
      (Econometrics)
               ,     .

###_Toc530974471

         
       (Economic Order Quantity)
      ,          .

###_Toc530974472

        
      (Economic Segmentation)
      ,       . .: .

###_Toc530974473

          
      (Economies f Scale)
              .    ,   ,    ,        .       (   ,  ,   ),        ,  ,    . .:  . 

###_Toc530974474

          
      (Economies Of Scope)
      ,        ,              ,      , . .        .      (    ),            . ,   ,  100   (   $ 10).   (  )  50    (   $ 12).      ,    .
      ,          100     100   . ,                . ,                    150    (50         +  = 200, . . 100,   150  ).                  (      $ 12  $ 9).
      ,   ,    ,     ,       (,   ).

###_Toc530974475

        
      (Solus)
      ,       ,        ;   - ,         .

###_Toc530974476

       
      (Expat, Expatriate)
      ,   ,   (?)  ,    .

###_Toc530974477

        
      (Expert Systems)
       ,          .

###_Toc530974478

        
      (Export Finance)
                .

###_Toc530974479

        
      (Exponential Smoothing)
      ,   ,   ,       .   .

###_Toc530974480

       ( ) (Externality)
          ,   ,    . ,               ,    ,       ,    .   ,       ,       .

###_Toc530974481

        
      (Extraordinary Item)
         ,       ,     - .

###_Toc530974482

       (  )
       (ECU - European Currency Unit) 
      ,      -   .     , -,  . 

###_Toc530974483

         
       (Time Elasticity f Profitability)
      ,          ,      (,            ).    ,   - .      ,        .     ,         , - ,     ,    . ,   ,      .
             ,         .              .

###_Toc530974484

        
      (Elasticity f Demand)
      ,   ,        .  -      . ,    ,         ,        .      ,     ,         ,   .        ,   ,    ,       .

###_Toc530974485

        
      (Electronic Shopping)
          .   ;      ,      ,     .      ,              .  ,             .     , ,     .

###_Toc530974486

        
      (Electronic Mail, E-Mail)
             .

###_Toc530974487

         
      (EPOS - Electronic Point Of Sale)
        ,              .

###_Toc530974488

        (  ) 
      (Upmarket, Up Market)
        ,   , ,   .          ,      "   ".      " ",               .

###_Toc530974489

        
      (Empirical Segmentation)
       -,     ,           .    . .: .

###_Toc530974490

         
      (Frequency Distribution)

             (0-99, 100-199, 200-299  . .)        (30%   , 20%   ).

###_Toc530974491

        
      (Experiental Learning)
       .

###_Toc530974492

        
      (Strong Follower)
      ,     70%  99%   . .:     . 

###_Toc530974493

       
      (Ergonomics)
          (" "),       .

###_Toc530974494

       
      (Ethics)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974495

        
      (Business Ethics)
         ,   ,      .         ,   -   ,           .      . , . , . , . . ,     (  ,   )        ,  ,      .   ,      , -   ,        -,  , ,   -     .
        ,   ,            .       -   ,       ,   .   ,          ,      .  ,  -     .       ,    . .: .

###_Toc530974496

        
      (Ethical Investment)
           "" ,     : (1)  ,       (, ); (2)     .     , ,       "" .       "  ",   ,   ,  ,      .

###_Toc530974497

        
      (Boomerang Effect)
       ,      .

###_Toc530974498

        
      (Forces of Loyality)
      .:  .

###_Toc530974499

        
      (Returns to Scale)
                   .      ,    ,     ,   -   .

###_Toc530974500

        
      (Halo Effect)
         ,       ;    ,      .   ,             .  -       ,       .

###_Toc530974501

         
      (EVA - Economic Value Added)
          ,                ,     .    ()            , ,  ,         ,      .           ,          .       ,      ,             .  -       ,   .

###_Toc530974502

        
      (Earnings Yield)
                ,   . ,         $1,     $ 20,     5% ($ 1 : $ 2  100% = 5%).  ,   ,   P/E:     P/E   20:1 = 20. 
              :         ,   ""   ,         .        ,    .      ,       ,             .

###_Toc530974503

        
       (ECR - Efficient Consumer Responce)
                (,    ),      .    ()            ,               ,    .            . 

###_Toc530974504

      

###_Toc530974505

        
      (Registered Office)
           .  ,           - . 

###_Toc530974506

      

###_Toc530974507

       
      (Yankee)

           .

###_Toc530974508

       
      (Yankee Bond)
      ,           . : .

###_Toc530974509

       
      (Japanisation)
               . .: , , ,  K. J.

###_Toc530974510

       
      (Japan)
      ,  ,     ,      .  ,         -  ,   ,    .       .  , ,   ,         ,    ,       .      ,      "", "" ,    .         ,   ,    ,      .
              ,      (Toshiba UK).  ,     (    ,   ,    ) -                  ,     .            ,              .         ,       ,      . .:       .
          ,              ,       .          .  , ,    ,    ,   .     ,   -       ,           (            ,    ).   ,   Honda,         ,      .        ,    ,  (   ).          .      ,       .

###_Toc530974511

          
       (Japanese Overseas Manufacturing Investment)
            Mitsui,   1878 .   .     15              .              ,       .       ,       .          : -,        ,           , -,    "",    ,      (.:  ), ,    ,         ,                 . ,            ,          .

###_Toc530974512

       
      (Yuppie)
       ,    1980- .     : ",  ,  (Yoang, Upwardly-mobile Profes-sional)",  .

###_Toc530974513

          
      (Violent Market-Injection Strategies)
      .         ,        . .     , , ,  .      : 
        (  )  .
            .
          ,       , .
        ,            .
           .
      ,   ,   ,         "  ".     .      ,  ,      ,     .

###_Toc530974514

        
      (Cellular Manufacturing)
          ,       . .:      .

###_Toc530974515

       
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       .   . . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       .  
       . 
       . 
       .  
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       .  . . 
       .   . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       .   . 
       .   .   . . 
       . 
       . 
       . .   . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       .   . 
       . 
       . 
       .   .   . 
       . 
       . 
       .   . 
       . 
       .   . 
       . 
       . 
       .   . 
       . 
       .  
       . 
       . 
       .  . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . . 
       . 
       .  .  . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . .   . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       
       . 
       . . 
       . 
       . 
       .  . 
       . 
       .  . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       .  .   . 
       . 
      - .  .  . 
       . 
       . . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 
       . 

###_Toc530974544

        
      10-K 
      7s Framework 
      80/20 Rule 
      A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods (AC) 
      "A" Shares 
       
       Analysis 
      Above-The-Line Promotion 
      Absenteeism 
      Absorption 
      Accelerated Depreciation 
      Accepting House 
      Account Executive 
      Accountability 
      Accounting Period 
      Accounts Payable 
      Accounts Receivable 
      Accrual Ratet 
      Accruals 
      Accruals Concept 
      Accumulated Amortisation/Depreciation 
      ACORN 
      Acousition Management 
      Acquisitives 
      Action Learning 
      Action Research 
      Active Learning 
      ctive Stock 
      Activities 
      Activity Chart 
      Activity Value Analysis (AVA) 
      Activity-based Costing 
      Activity-Based Management () 
      Actuarial Surplus 
      Actuary 
      Adair, John 
      Added Value 
      Adhocracy 
      Adjacent Segment 
      Administration 
      Administrators 
      ADR 
      Advance/Decline Ratio 
      Advertised Recruitment 
      Affiliate 
      Affinity Group 
      Age Analyses 
      Age Profile Of Debtors 
      Ageing Of Debtors 
      Ageism 
      Agency 
      Agent 
      Aggreated Rebate 
      Aggressive Pricing 
      Agreed Bid 
      AI 
      Algorithm 
      Allfinanz 
      Alliance 
      Allocation 
      Allotment 
      Allotted 
      Allotted Share Capital 
      Alpha 
      Alpha Coefficient 
      Alpha Stock 
      Alternate Director 
      Amalgamation 
      Ambulance Stocks 
      American Depositry Receipt (ADR) 
      Amortization 
      Analysis 
      Analyst 
      Annuitant 
      Annuity 
      Ansoff, H. Igor 
      Ansoff Matrix 
      Anti-dumping 
      Anti-trust 
      Apollo 
      Applilcations Software 
      Appraisal 
      Apprenticeship 
      Arbitrage 
      Arbitrageur 
      Arbitration 
      Argyris, Chris 
      Arms Length Price 
      Artefacts 
      Articles f Association 
      Artificial Intelligence (AI) 
      Assented Share 
      Asset Backed Security 
      Asset Cover 
      Asset Management 
      Asset Stripper 
      Asset Structure 
      Asset Turn 
      Asset Value Per Share 
      Assets 
      Associated Company 
      Associated Undertaking, Associate 
      Associates 
      At Best 
      Athena 
      ATM 
      Attitude Survey 
      Audit 
      Audit Trail 
      Authorised Share Capital 
      Authoritarian Management 
      Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) 
      Autonomy 
      AVA 
      Aval 
      Avarice 
      Average Costing 
      Average Management 
      Average Pricing 
      Averaging 
      Averaging Down 
      Averaging Up 
      "B" Shares 
      Back Up Copy 
      Back-to-Back Loan 
      Backlog 
      Backward Integration 
      Backwardation 
      Bad Business 
      Bad Debt 
      Balance Sheet 
      Balanced Book 
      Balanced Management Skills 
      Balanced Product Offering 
      Balloon Loan 
      Balloon Payment 
      Bananagram 
      Banker's Draft 
      Bankroll 
      Bankrupt 
      Bankruptcy 
      Bar Code 
      Bargain 
      Barons 
      Barony 
      Barriers to Entry 
      Barriers to Exit 
      Barter 
      Basis Point 
      Basis Price of Option 
      Basket 
      Basket of Currencies 
      Batch 
      Batch Processing 
      Batch Size 
      Bayesian Probability 
      BCG , 
      BCG Matrix 
      BDP 
      Bear-Market 
      Bearer Security 
      Beauty Contest 
      Bed and Breakfasting 
      Behaviour Standards 
      Belbin R. M. 
      Bells and Whistles 
      Bellweather 
      Belonging 
      Below-The-Line Promotion 
      Benchmark 
      Benchmark Government Bonds 
      Benchmarking 
      Beneficial Owner 
      Benefiial Interest 
      Bennis, Warren 
      Best Demonstrated Practice (BDP) 
      Best Efforts 
      Best Fit Approach 
      Best Practice 
      Beta Coefficient 
      Bid , 
      Bid-Offer Spread 
      Big Bang 
      Bill of Exchange 
      Bimodal Distribution 
      Bit 
      Black Box 
      Black Knight 
      Black Monday 
      Black Thursday 
      Black Tuesday 
      Blind Test 
      Block Trading 
      Blue Chips Company 
      Blue Collar 
      Board f Directors 
      Bond 
      Bonded Warehouse 
      Bonus Issue 
      Book Value 
      Boomerang Effect 
      Bottleneck 
      Bottom Line 
      Bought Deal 
      Bought Ledger 
      Bourse 
      Boutique , 
      Bower, Marvin 
      BPR 
      Brainstorming 
      Brand 
      Brand Awareness 
      Brand Development Index 
      Brand Equity 
      Brand Extention 
      Brand Premium 
      Brand Stretching 
      Brand Switching 
      Brand Valuatioin 
      Brand Vandalism 
      Break Up Value 
      Break-even Analysis 
      Bridging Loan 
      Brilliant Pebbles 
      Brown Goods 
      Bubble Chart 
      Bubble Company 
      Bucket Shop 
      Budget 
      Budgeting 
      Buffer Stock 
      Bug 
      Bull-Market 
      Bulldog Loan 
      Bulls 
      Bundesbank 
      Bureucracy 
      Business 
      Business Attractiveness 
      Business Cycle 
      Business Development 
      Business Ethics 
      Business Park 
      Business Person 
      Business Plan 
      Business Process Re-Engineerng 
      Business Re-Design 
      Business Re-Engineerng 
      Business Schools 
      Business Segment 
      Business to Buisiness 
      Business Unit 
      Business Unit Strategy 
      Businessing 
      Businessmanship 
      Busy-Work 
      Buy Back 
      Buy-in 
      Buyer Credit 
      Byte 
      Byu-out 
      C Ratio 
      C Ratio 
      CAD-CAM 
      CAE 
      Cafeteria Benefits 
      CAGR 
      Call 
      Call Option 
      Campbell, Andrew 
      Cannabalisation 
      Cap 
      Capacity 
      Capex Budget 
      Capital 
      Capital Allowance 
      Capital and Reserves 
      Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 
      Capital Employed 
      Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) 
      Capital Flignt 
      Capital Gains Tax (CGT) 
      Capital Gearing 
      Capital Productivity 
      Capital Structure 
      Capitalintensive 
      Capitalisation 
      Capitalization 
      CAPM 
      CAPP 
      Captive 
      Captive Demand 
      Career Ancor 
      Career Developing 
      Career Planning 
      Career Team 
      Careteria Perks 
      Carnival 
      Carry Back 
      Carry Forward 
      Cartel 
      Case Study Method 
      Cash 
      Cash Book 
      Cash Budget 
      Cash Call 
      Cash Cow 
      Cash Flow 
      Cash Trap 
      Category Killer 
      CATS 
      Causation 
      Cause 
      CBA 
      CCA 
      CD 
      Cellular Manufacturing 
      Centralisation 
      Centralised 
      Centre 
      CEO 
      Certificate of Accrual on Treasaru Securities (CAT 
      Certificate of Deposit (CD) 
      CGT 
      Chain f Command 
      Chairman 
      Champion 
      Chandler, Alfred 
      Change Agent 
      Change Management 
      Chaos 
      Charge 
      Charge Card 
      Chartism 
      Chek 
      Cheque 
      Cherry-picking 
      Chief Executive Officer (CEO) 
      Chief Operating Officer (COO) 
      China Mentality 
      Chinese Walls 
      Churn 
      CIE 
      CIM 
      Circuits 
      Circular Transaction 
      City Bank 
      Class Action 
      Claw Back 
      Clearing Bank 
      Clearing House 
      Clone 
      Close Company 
      Closed - end Fund 
      Club 
      Cluster 
      Cluster Analysis 
      Co-Financing 
      CO-OP 
      Cognitive Dissonance 
      COGS 
      Cold Calling 
      Collateral 
      Collective Bargaining 
      Comb Analysis 
      Comfort Letter 
      Commercial Due Diligence 
      Commercial Paper 
      Commitment Fee 
      Commodity 
      Communicopia 
      Company Board 
      Company Doctor 
      ompany Worker 
      Companyism 
      Compensating Balance 
      Compensation 
      Competences 
      Competencies 
      Competition Time-based 
      Competitive Advantage 
      Complete Finisher 
      Compliance 
      Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) 
      Compter Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) 
      Computer Aided Design & Computer Aided Manufacture 
      Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) 
      Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) 
      Computer Integrated Engineering (CIE) 
      Concentration 
      Concert Party 
      Conglomerate 
      Conjoint Analysis 
      Consignment 
      Consolidated Accounts 
      Consolidation 
      Consortium 
      Consortium Bank 
      Consortium Bid 
      Constituency 
      Constructive Dismissal 
      Contested Takeover 
      Contingency Theory 
      Contingent Liability 
      Continuos Improvement 
      Contract 
      Contracting-Out 
      Contractors 
      Contractual Fringe 
      Contrarian 
      Contribution 
      Control 
      Control Company 
      Control Sample 
      Control Systems 
      Convenience Goods 
      Convertible Bond/Loan Stock 
      Convertible Preference Shares 
      Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock (CULS) 
      COO 
      Coockie Cutter 
      Core Business 
      Core Competences 
      Core Process Re-design (CPR) 
      Core Skills 
      Core Time 
      Core Workers 
      Corporate Culture 
      Corporate Finance 
      Corporate Governance 
      Corporate Identity 
      Corporate Level Strategy 
      Corporate Mythology 
      Corporate Planning 
      Corporate Raider 
      Corporate Rain Dance 
      Corporate Religion 
      Corporate Responsibility 
      Corporate Social Responsibility 
      Corporate Strategy 
      Corporate Venturing 
      Corporat Virtual Workspace 
      Correlation 
      Correlation Coefficient 
      Cost Centre 
      Cost Drivers 
      Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) 
      Cost of Sales 
      Cost Sharing 
      Cost Structure 
      Cost to Switch 
      Cost f Capital 
      Cost-benefit Analysis (CBA) 
      Costs of Complexity 
      Costs to Switch 
      Counterfeit 
      Coupon 
      Covenant 
      CPA 
      CPR 
      Crafting Strategy 
      Crash 
      Creative Accounting 
      Credit 
      Credit Card 
      Credit Line 
      Credit Note 
      Credit Rating 
      Credit Union 
      Creditors 
      Crisis Management 
      Crisis Manager 
      Critical Path Analysis (CPA) 
      Crosby, Philip 
      Cross-Border Deals 
      Cross-rate 
      Cross-subsidisation 
      Crown Jewels 
      CULS 
      Culture 
      Cum Div 
      Cumulative Preference Share 
      Current Asset 
      Current Cost Accounting (CCA) 
      Current Liability 
      Current Ratio 
      Cushion Bond 
      Custodian 
      Customer Loyalty 
      Customer Proposition 
      Customer Retention 
      Customer Utility 
      Customer Value 
      Customerised 
      Custometising 
      Customised 
      Customising 
      CV 
      Cybernetics 
      Cyberspace 
      Data 
      Data Highway 
      Data Processisng 
      Databank 
      Database 
      Database Management System 
      David's Dictum 
      Dawn Raid 
      Day Book 
      DBMS 
      DCF 
      De Bono, Edward 
      De-bureaucratisation 
      De-industrialisation 
      De-Merge 
      De-Merger 
      Dead Cat Bounce 
      Debenture 
      Debenture Stock 
      Debit 
      Debit Card 
      Debit Note 
      Debt 
      Debt Service Ratio 
      Debt to Equity Ratio 
      Debt to Total Funding Ratio 
      Debtors 
      Debug 
      Decentralisation 
      Decision Tree 
      Declining Industries 
      Deed 
      Default 
      Defeasance 
      Defence Against Takeover 
      Deferred Rrevenue ior Income 
      Deferred Shares 
      Deferred Taxation 
      Deflated Money 
      Delayering 
      Delegation 
      Delivery System 
      Delphi Technique 
      Deming, W. Edwards 
      Demographics 
      Denationalisation 
      Deposit Protection 
      Depositor Protection 
      Depreciation 
      Derecognition 
      Deregulation 
      Derivatives 
      Design 
      Designer Capitalism 
      Desktop Publishing 
      Destination 
      Destination Retailing 
      Devalution 
      Development Capital 
      Differentiation 
      Dilemmas 
      Dilution 
      Dilution Out Of Sight 
      Dinosaur 
      Dionysus 
      Direct Cost 
      Direct Labor 
      Direct Mail 
      Direct Marketing 
      Direct Product Profitability (DPP) 
      Direct Tax 
      Directional Policy Matrix 
      Director 
      Disclosure Recuirements 
      Discount 
      Discount Rate 
      Discount Store 
      Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) 
      Discounters 
      Discretionary Account 
      Diseconomies of Scale 
      Disfunctional 
      Disintermediation 
      Disjointed Imcrementalism 
      Disk Drive 
      Distance Learning 
      Distinctive Competences 
      Distributed Logic 
      Distributed Processing 
      Distribution 
      Distribution Channel 
      Diversifiable Risk 
      Diversification 
      Diversified Company 
      Divestment 
      Dividend 
      Dividend Cover 
      Dividend Yield 
      Divisionalisation 
      Dog 
      Dominance 
      Dominant Firm 
      Do'nut 
      Doom Loop 
      Double - Entry Bookkeeping 
      Double Income 
      Double Taxation 
      Doubtful Debts 
      Doughnut 
      Downgrade 
      Downside , 
      Downsizing 
      Downstream 
      Downtime 
      DPP 
      Drucker, Peter 
      Due Diligence 
      Dumping 
      Dutch Disease 
      E-Mail 
      Earnings 
      Earnings Before and Tax (EBIT) 
      Earnings Dilution 
      Earnings Per Share 
      Earnings per Share (EPS) 
      Earnings Yield 
      Earnout 
      EBIT 
      Econometrics 
      Economic Order Quantity 
      Economic Segmentation 
      Economic Value Added (EVA) 
      Economies Of Scope 
      Economies f Scale 
      ECR 
      ECU , 
      Efficient Consumer Responce (ECR) 
      Efficient Market ypothesis 
      Eighty/Twenty Rule 
      Elasticity f Demand 
      Electronic Mail 
      Electronic Point Of Sale (EPOS) 
      Electronic Shopping 
      Emerging Markets 
      Emoluments 
      Empirical Segmentation 
      Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) 
      Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) 
      Empowerment 
      Enabling Technologies 
      Encounter Group 
      End-Game Strategy 
      Endowment Mortgage 
      Engineering Psychology 
      Entrepreneur 
      Entry Barriers 
      Environmental Audit 
      Environmental Scanning 
      EPO 
      EPOS 
      EPS 
      Equal Employment Opportunities (EPO) 
      Equity 
      Equity Method 
      Ergonomics 
      Escrow 
      Escrow Account 
      ESOP 
      Estate Planning 
      Ethical Investment 
      Ethics 
      Etzioni Model 
      Eurobonds 
      Eurodollars 
      Euromarket 
      European Currency Unit (ECU) 
      EVA 
      Ex Div (XD) 
      Exception Reporting 
      Exchange Control 
      Exchange Gain r Loss 
      Exchange Rate Exposure 
      Executive Board 
      Executive Programme 
      Executive Search 
      Executive Share Options 
      Exeptional Item 
      Exercise Price Of Option 
      Exercising an Option 
      Existential Culture 
      Exit 
      Exit Barriers 
      Exit Interview 
      Exit Route 
      Expat 
      Expatriate 
      Expected Value 
      Expense 
      Experience Curve 
      Experiental Learning 
      Expert Systems 
      Exponential Smoothing 
      Export Finance 
      External Funds 
      External Growth 
      Externality 
      Extraordinary Item 
      Factor Analysis 
      Factoring 
      Failure Rate 
      Failure Rate Curve 
      Family Firm 
      Fashion 
      Fashionise 
      Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) 
      Fast Moving Line 
      Fast Track 
      Fayol, Henry 
      Feasibility Study 
      FED 
      Federalism 
      Feedback 
      Feudalism 
      Field Theory 
      FIFO 
      Final Dividend 
      Finance Lease 
      Financial Control Company 
      Financial Engineering 
      Financial House 
      Financial Structure 
      Fire 
      First in, First out (FIFO) 
      First Mover Advantage 
      Fiscal Year 
      Fishbone Chart 
      Fixed Asset Productivity 
      Fixed Assets 
      Fixed Charge 
      Fixed Cost 
      Flat Organisation 
      Flexible Benefits 
      Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) 
      Flexilife 
      Flexitim 
      Flight Capital 
      Flip-Flop Bond 
      Floating Charge 
      Floating Rate 
      Floating Rate Note 
      Floppy Disk 
      Flotation 
      Flow Statement 
      Flowchart , 
      FMCG 
      FMS 
      Focus 
      Focus Group 
      Follett, Mary 
      Follower 
      Food Chain 
      Forces of Loyality 
      Fordism 
      Forecast 
      Foreign Bond 
      Foreign Exchange 
      Forex 
      Forex Gain r Loss 
      Forfait 
      Forfaiting 
      Fortran 
      Fortress Europe 
      Forward Contract 
      Forward Cover 
      Forward Integration 
      Forward / 
      Four O's Of Purchasing 
      Four Ps Of Marketing 
      Fragmentation 
      Fragmented Market 
      Frequency Distribution 
      Full Cost 
      Full Cost Pricing 
      Fully Diluted EPS 
      Function 
      Functional Organisations 
      Functional Structure 
      Fund Management 
      Fund Manager 
      Fundamental Analysis 
      Fundamental Principle of Accounting 
      Funding 
      Funding Structure 
      Funds Flow Analysis 
      Fungible 
      Future Value (FV) 
      Futures 
      Fuzzy Work Roles 
      Galbraith, Jay 
      Gambare 
      Game Theory 
      Gameplan 
      Gantt Chart 
      Gap Analysis 
      Garage-shop Competitor 
      Garbage in 
      Garbage out 
      Gatekeeper 
      Gaussian Curve 
      Gazumping 
      Gazundering 
      Gearing 
      Genba 
      Generative Process Planning 
      Generic 
      Generic Strategy 
      Generics 
      Gestalt 
      Giffen Goods 
      Gilt Edged Securities 
      Gilts 
      Glass Ceeling 
      Global Brand 
      Global Localisation 
      Global Product 
      Global Village 
      Globalisation 
      Globalization 
      Glocalisation of Organisatioins 
      GMAT 
      Gods of Management 
      Gofer 
      Going Concern 
      Going Concern Concept 
      Gold Mine 
      Golden Handcuffs 
      Golden Handshake 
      Golden Hello 
      Golden Parachute 
      Golden Share 
      Golden Triangle 
      Goods on Consignment 
      Goodwill , 
      Goold, Michael 
      Governance 
      Grace Period 
      Graduate Management Admission Test 
      Grapevine 
      Graphology 
      Graveyard Shift 
      Green Consumers 
      Green Product 
      Green Shoots 
      Greenback 
      Greenfield Investment 
      Greenmail 
      Gresham's Law 
      Grey Knight 
      Grey Market 
      Gross Assets 
      Gross Dividend 
      Gross Margin 
      Gross Profit 
      Group Accounts 
      Group Training 
      Groupthink 
      Growth Stock 
      Growth Share 
      Growth/Growth Matrix 
      Halo Effect 
      Hammering 
      Hampden-Turner, Charles 
      Handy, Charles 
      Hard Currency 
      Hard Discounters 
      Harvesting 
      Hawthorne Effect 
      Hawthorne Studies 
      Hay-Msl Job Evaluation 
      Head and Shoulders 
      Head Office 
      Head Office, Demise of 
      Headhunter 
      Heartland 
      Heavy User 
      Hedging Currency Exposure 
      Helicopter Quality 
      Henderson, Bruce 
      Herfindahl Index 
      Heritage 
      Herzberg, Frederick 
      Hidden Agenda 
      Hierarchy of Needs 
      High Fliers 
      High Net Worth Individual (HNWI) 
      High Ticket Goods 
      High Ticket Items 
      High-tech 
      Hire Purchase 
      Histogram 
      Historic Cost 
      Historic Cost Convention 
      Historic Earnings 
      Historic / 
      Hito-Kane-Mono 
      Hive Off 
      HNWI 
      Hockey Stick 
      Holding Company 
      Home Banking 
      Homeworking 
      Horizontal Integration 
      Horizontal Technologies 
      Horizontal Tracking 
      Horse Trading 
      Host Country 
      Hostile Bid 
      Hot Desking 
      Hot Money 
      Hub And Spoke 
      Hub And Spoke System 
      Human Relations School 
      Human Resource Accounting 
      Human Resources 
      Human Resources Audit 
      Hurdle Rate 
      Hybrid 
      Hybrid Manager 
      Hybrid Organisation 
      Hybrid Technologies 
      Hygiene Factors 
      IC 
      Icon 
      Idle Time 
      ILE 
      Image 
      In Play 
      In the Money 
      Incremental Analysis 
      Incremental Product 
      Incremental Service 
      Indemnity 
      Independent Director 
      Independent Profit Centre 
      Index Fund 
      Index Linked 
      Indexation 
      Indirect Labor 
      Indirect Materials 
      Indirect Tax 
      Induction 
      Industrial Action 
      Industrial Democracy 
      Industrial Engineering 
      Industrial Holding Company 
      Industrial Marketing 
      Industrial Policy 
      Industrial Relations 
      Inertia Selling 
      Inflated Paper 
      Inflation Accounting 
      Informal Organisation 
      Informated Individual 
      Informating 
      Informatioin Technology (IT) 
      Information 
      Initial Public Offering (IPO) 
      Inner Cabinet 
      Innovation 
      Input 
      Inside Information 
      Insider Dealing 
      Insider Information 
      Insider Trading 
      Insiderisation 
      Insiderization 
      Insolvency 
      Inspection 
      Instalment Credit 
      Institutional Investors 
      Institutions 
      Instrument 
      Intangbles 
      Intangible Assets 
      Intangible Fixed Assets 
      Integrated Circuit (IC) 
      Intellectual Ppoperty Rights (IPR) 
      Intellectual Property 
      Inter-linked Economy (ILE) 
      Interactive 
      Interbank Market 
      Interdependence 
      Interest Cover 
      Interium Dividend 
      Interium Report 
      Intermediate Technology 
      Internal Audit 
      Internal Funds 
      Interpersonal Relationsips 
      Interpersonal Skills 
      Introduction 
      Intrpreneurial Group 
      Invention 
      Inventory 
      Inverted American 
      Investment 
      Investment Bank 
      Investment Trust 
      Investor Relations (IR) 
      Invisibles 
      Invoice Discounting 
      IPO 
      IPR 
      IR 
      Issue Price 
      Issued 
      Issued Share Capital 
      IT 
      J-curve 
      Jacques, Elliott 
      Japan 
      Japanese Overseas Manufacturing Investment 
      Japanisation 
      JIT 
      Job Analysis 
      Job Description 
      Job Design 
      Job Enlargement 
      Job Enrichment 
      Job Evaluation 
      Job Rotation 
      Job Satisfaction 
      Job Title 
      Jobber 
      Jobbing Broker 
      Joint Venture 
      Journal 
      Junk Bond 
      Junk Mail 
      Juran, Joseph M. 
      Just-In-Time (JIT) 
      Kabushiki Kaisha () 
      Kaffir 
      Kaisha 
      Kanban 
      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss 
      Keiretsu 
      Kerb Trading 
      Key Factors for Success (KFS) 
      KFS 
      Kickback 
      KJ Method 
      KK 
      KMS 
      Know-How 
      Knowkedge Ladder 
      Knowledge Industry 
      Knowledge Management Structure (KMS) 
      Knowledge Worker 
      Known Value Item (KVI) 
      Krugerrand 
      KVI 
      Labour Turnover 
      Lame Duck 
      LAN 
      Laptop 
      Large Scale Integration 
      Last in, First out (LIFO) 
      Lateral Thinking 
      Laundering 
      LBO 
      Lead Manager 
      Lead Time 
      Leader 
      Leadership 
      Leadership Network 
      Leading Indicator 
      Leakages 
      Lean Enterprise 
      Lean Production 
      Learning Curve 
      Learning Organisation 
      Lease 
      Leavitt, Harold J. 
      Ledger 
      Left Brain Processes 
      Lessee 
      Lessor 
      Letter of Credit 
      Letter of Intent 
      Level Playing Field 
      Leverage 
      leverage 
      Leveraged Buy-Out 
      Levitt, Theodore 
      Lewin, Kurt 
      Liability 
      Liability Management 
      LIBOR 
      Lien 
      LIFO 
      Likert, Rensis 
      Limited Company 
      Limited Partnership 
      Line Extention 
      Line Manager 
      Line of Credit 
      Linear Programming 
      Linking Pins 
      Liquid Assets 
      Liquidate 
      Liquidation 
      Liquidator 
      Liquidity 
      List Price 
      Listed Company 
      Loanstock 
      Local Area Network (LAN) 
      Lock-out 
      Log on 
      Logistics 
      London Iinterbank Offired Rate (LIBOR) 
      Long Posotion 
      Long-term Capital Employed 
      Long-term Liability 
      Long-term Loan/Loanstock/Bond 
      Long-term Net Worth 
      Loss Leader 
      Low-Tech 
      Loyality 
      LSI 
      M &  
      M-Form Organisation 
      Macaulay's Transfer 
      Machine Loading 
      Machine Tools 
      Magaziner, Ira C 
      Mail Order 
      Mainframe 
      Make Or Buy Decision 
      Make-Work 
      Management 
      Management Accounting 
      Management Buy-In (MBI) 
      anagement by bjectives (MbO) 
      Management Buy-Out 
      Management By Exeption 
      Management By Wandering Around (MBWA) 
      Management Consulting 
      Management Development 
      Management Ratio 
      Management Science 
      Management Styles 
      Management Synergy 
      Managerial Grid 
      Managerial Heresy 
      Manageriasm 
      Manpower Planning 
      Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP) 
      Margin 
      Margin Account 
      Marginal Competitor 
      Marginal Cost 
      Marginal Costing 
      Marginal Pricing 
      Marginal Proucer 
      Marginal Supplier 
      Marginal-Cost Pricing 
      Mark To Market 
      Market Capitalisation 
      Market Challenger 
      Market Channel 
      Market Concentration 
      Market Development Process (MPD) 
      Market Entry 
      Market Exit 
      Market Follower 
      Market Imperfection 
      Market Intelligence 
      Market Leader 
      Market Maker 
      Market Niche 
      Market Penetration 
      Market Penetration Pricing 
      Market Performance 
      Market Positioning 
      Market Potential 
      Market Power 
      Market Research 
      Market Risk 
      Market Saturation 
      Market Segment 
      Market Share 
      Market Skimming 
      Market Skimming Pricing 
      Market Structure 
      Market Targeting 
      Market Value 
      Marketable 
      Marketing 
      Marketing Led 
      Marketing Mix 
      Marketing Myopia 
      Marketising 
      Marziran Layer 
      Maslow, Abraham 
      Mass Manufacturing 
      Mass Marketing 
      aster's Degree in Business Administration (MBA) 
      Matching , 
      Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) 
      Matrix 
      Matrix Management 
      Matrix Organisation 
      Matrix Pricing 
      Matsushita, Konosuke 
      Mature Industry 
      Maverick 
      Mayo, Elton 
      MBA 
      MBI 
      MBO 
      MbO 
      MBWA 
      McGregor, Douglas 
      McKinsey 
      Mean 
      Mechanistic Organisation 
      Median 
      Mediation 
      Members 
      Memo 
      Memorandum of Association 
      Mentoring 
      Merchant Bank 
      Merger 
      Merger Mania 
      Mergers and Acquisitions (M & ) 
      Merit Pay 
      Metod Study 
      Metric 
      Metrics 
      Mezzanine 
      Mezzanine Debt 
      Micro-Enterprise 
      Mid-Tech 
      Middle Manage 
      Middle Market Price 
      Middle Price 
      Middle-Up-Down Manager 
      Migration Strategy 
      Mini-Enterprise 
      Minimum Stock Level 
      Minority 
      Minority Interest 
      Mintzberg, Henry 
      Mission 
      Mission Statement 
      MNE(MNC) 
      Mode 
      Modelling 
      Module 
      Money Market 
      Money Market Fund 
      Money Value 
      Monitor-evaluator 
      Monopoly 
      Monte-Carlo Technique 
      Moonlighting 
      Mop Up Strategy 
      Moratorium 
      Mortgage 
      Mothballing 
      Motherhood 
      Motivation 
      Moving Average 
      Moving Goalpost 
      MPD 
      MRP 
      Multi-Business Company 
      Multi-local Corporation (MLC) 
      Multilocal Enterprise 
      Multilocals 
      Multimedia 
      Multinational Enterprise (Corporation) 
      Mutual Fund 
      Mutual Savings Bank 
      Myth 
      Mythology 
      Narrow Market 
      National Competitive Advantage 
      National Industrial Decline 
      Natural Language Processing 
      Natural Wastage 
      Needs 
      Negotiable Instruments 
      Negotiable Security 
      Negotiating Theory 
      Neo Human Relations School 
      Net Asset Value (NAV) 
      Net Assets 
      Net Assets Per Share 
      Net Book Value 
      Net Operating Accets 
      Net Present Value (NPV) , 
      Net Realisable Value 
      Net Worth 
      Netting 
      Netting off 
      Network Analysis 
      Networker 
      Networking 
      Networks 
      New High 
      New Issues 
      New Low 
      New Product Development 
      Niche 
      Niche Marketing 
      Niche Strategy 
      NIH 
      No Kids 
      No par Value Shares 
      Nodes 
      Noise 
      Nominal Account 
      Nominal Lefger 
      Nominal Value 
      Non-Core Business 
      Non-Diversifiable Risk 
      Non-Exec 
      Non-Executive Director 
      Non-Performing Loan 
      Non-Territotial Office 
      Non-Verbal Communication 
      Non-Voting Shares 
      Norm 
      Normal Curve 
      Normative 
      Normative Curve 
      Not Invented Here - Syndrome (NIH) 
      Notional Interest 
      NPD 
      NPV , 
      Numerical Control 
      Numerology 
      NV 
      O&M 
      Objectives 
      Occupational Testing 
      OCR 
      OD 
      OEM 
      Off-balance Sheet Financing 
      Off-Line 
      Off-the-Shelf 
      Offer Document 
      Offer for Sale 
      Offer Price 
      Office Automation 
      Officer 
      Offshore Fund 
      Offshore Production 
      Oligopoly 
      Omnibus Research 
      On line 
      One-Stop Shopping 
      Open Door Policy 
      Open end Fund 
      Open position 
      Operating Cash Flow 
      Operating Expences 
      Operating Lease 
      Operating Levrage 
      Operating Profit 
      Operational Research (OR) 
      Operations Management 
      Operations Research (OR) 
      Opinion Leaders 
      Opportunity Cost 
      Opportunity/Vulnerability Matrix 
      OPT 
      Optical Character Recognition (OCR) 
      Optimim Order Quantity 
      Optimisation 
      Optimised Production Technology (OPT) 
      Option 
      OR 
      Orange Goods 
      Order Interval 
      Order Quantity 
      Ordinary Dividend 
      Ordinary Shares 
      Organic Growth 
      Organics 
      Organisation & Methods (O&M) 
      Organisation Chart 
      Organisation Design 
      Organisation Development (OD) 
      Organisational Analysis 
      Organisational Behaviour 
      Organisational Culture , 
      Organisational Development 
      Organisational Federalism 
      Organisational Feudalism , 
      OrganisationalGlocalisation 
      Organisational Slack 
      Organisatoinal Federalism 
      Organismic Organisation 
      Organogram 
      Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) 
      OTC 
      Out-Placement 
      Outputs 
      Outside Director 
      Outsourcing 
      Outworker 
      OVA 
      Over the Counter - Market (OTC) 
      Overdraft 
      Overhead Value Analysis (OVA) 
      Overheads 
      Overrider 
      Overriding Discount 
      Overseas Manufacturing Inverstment 
      Oversold 
      Oversubscription 
      Overtrading 
      Overweight 
      Ownership 
      P&L 
      P&L Account 
      P/D RATIO 
      P/E 
      Pac-Man Defence 
      Packaging 
      Packeged Compensation 
      Paid-up Capital 
      PAL 
      Paper 
      Par-Value 
      Paradigms Of Management 
      Parallel Importing 
      Parallel Loan 
      Parent 
      Parent Company 
      Parenting Advantage 
      Pareto Rule 
      Parkinson's Laws 
      Part-Time Work 
      Participating Preference Share 
      Participation 
      Partly Paid Shares 
      Partnership , 
      Passion 
      Patent 
      Paternalism 
      Pathfinder 
      Pathfinder Prospectus 
      Pay Differential 
      Pay Systems 
      Payback 
      Payback Period 
      Payout Ratio 
      PBIT 
      PD, 
      PDR 
      PE 
      PEG 
      Penetration Pricing 
      Penny Shares 
      Pension Fund 
      PER 
      Percentiles 
      Perceptual Mapping 
      Perceptual Maps 
      Perfect Competition 
      Perfomance Related Pay (PRP) 
      Perks 
      Perquisite 
      ersonal omputer 
      Personal Bonus 
      Personal Selling 
      Personality Inventory 
      Personnel 
      PERT 
      Peter Principle 
      Peters, Tom 
      Petrodollars 
      Pets 
      Petty Cash 
      Phantom Share Option Scheme 
      Phisical Distribution 
      Pie Chart 
      Piecework 
      PIMS 
      Pioneers 
      Pirate 
      Pistonnage 
      Placing 
      Plain Vanilla 
      Plant 
      Poison Pill 
      Political Risk 
      Polycentric 
      Pool, Ally and Link (PAL) 
      Portable Pension 
      Porter, Michael 
      Porter's Five Competetive Forces 
      Portfolio 
      Portfolio Management 
      Portfolio Marriage 
      Portfolio Partnership 
      Portfolio Theory 
      Positioning 
      Positive-sum Game 
      Post Acquisition Management 
      Post Balance Sheet Event 
      Posting 
      Power 
      Power of Attorney 
      Power Retailer 
      Power Strip 
      PPM 
      PPP 
      PR 
      Pre-Emption Rights 
      Predator 
      Predatory Pricing 
      Preference Dividend 
      Preference Share 
      Preferential Creditor 
      Preferred Stock 
      Premium of Market to Book 
      Prepayment 
      Present Value (PV) 
      Presentation 
      Price Discrimination 
      Price Dividend Ratio (PDR) 
      Price Earnings Growth Factor (PEG) 
      Price Earnings Ratio 
      Price Leadership 
      Price Realisation 
      Price Umbrella 
      Price War 
      Price-Sensitive Information 
      Pricing 
      Pricing Strategy 
      Principal 
      Principal Only Bond 
      Prior Charges 
      Prior Year Adjustment 
      Private Banking 
      Private Placement 
      Probability 
      Process Design 
      Process Innovation 
      Process Re-Design 
      Process/Product Based Organisation 
      Procupine Provision 
      Procurement 
      Product Champion 
      Product Family 
      Product Liability 
      Product Life Cycle 
      Product Line 
      Product Line Profitability 
      Product Mix 
      Product Portfolio Management (PPM) 
      Product Range 
      Product Segmentation 
      Product Strategy 
      Product Width 
      Product-market Matrix 
      Production 
      Production Budget 
      Production Orientation 
      Production Scheduling 
      Productivity 
      Professional Core 
      Professionalism 
      Profit After Tax 
      Profit and Loss Account 
      Profit Before Interest & Tax 
      Profit Centre 
      Profit for the Year 
      Profit Impact f Market Strategy 
      Profit Maximisation 
      Profit Optimisaton 
      Profit Related Pay (PRP) 
      Profitability 
      Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) 
      Programme Trading 
      Project Finance 
      Project Management 
      Project Team 
      Promiscuity 
      Proprietary Brands 
      Prospective / 
      Prospectus 
      Prosumers 
      Proxy , 
      Proxy Fight 
      PRP 
      Prudence Concept 
      Psychological Contract 
      Psychological Testing 
      Psychometric Testing 
      Public Limited Company (PLC) 
      Public Relations (PR) 
      Pull Strategy 
      Pump Priming 
      Purchasing 
      Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) 
      Purpose 
      Push Strategy 
      Put 
      Put Option 
      PV 
      Pyramid Selling 
      QC , 
      Qualification (Of Accounts) Qualified Opinion 
      Qualified Auditors' Report 
      Quality 
      Quality Circles (QC) 
      Quality Control (QC) 
      Quality of Working Life (OWL) 
      Quango 
      Quantity Discounts 
      Quartiles 
      Question Mark 
      Queuing Theory 
      Quick Assets 
      Quick Ratio 
      Quorum 
      Quota 
      Quota Sampling 
      Quoted Company 
      Quoted Price 
      QWL 
      R & D 
      R&D Strategy 
      Raider , 
      Raider Mentality 
      Raincheck 
      Rally 
      RAM 
      Ramp 
      Random Access Memory (RAM) 
      Random Walk Theory 
      Range 
      Range Clarity 
      Range Versus Focus 
      Ratchet 
      Rate Card 
      Rate of Return 
      Rating 
      Ratio Analysis 
      Rationalisation 
      RCP 
      RCR 
      Re-Compete 
      Re-Intermediation 
      Re-Privatisation 
      Re-Segment 
      Reach 
      Real 
      Real Accounts 
      Real Money 
      Real Time 
      Real Value 
      Real Values 
      Real Wages 
      Realisation 
      Realtor 
      Recall Test) 
      Receiver 
      Recession 
      Reciprocity 
      Recognition 
      Recommended Resale Price 
      Reconciliation 
      Reconstruction 
      Recovery 
      Recovery Stock 
      Recruitment 
      Recycling Petrodollars 
      Red Goods 
      Red Queen Syndrome 
      Red Tape 
      Redeemable Financial Security 
      Redemption Yield 
      Redundancy 
      Reference Group 
      Refinancing 
      Regional Distribution Centre (RDC) 
      Regional Policy 
      Registered Office 
      Regression Analysis 
      Regulation 
      Reinsurance 
      Related Company 
      Relatedness 
      Relational Database 
      Relative Cost Position (RCP) 
      Relative Customer Retention (RCR) 
      Relative Market Share (RMS) 
      Relative Price Position (RPP) 
      Relaunch 
      Reluctant Manager 
      Remainder 
      Renewable Resource 
      Renunciation 
      Reordered Level 
      Reorganisation 
      Repackaging 
      Repeat Purchase 
      Repeat Purchase Rate 
      Replacement Cost 
      Repositioned 
      Repositioning 
      Rescheduling 
      Research and Development (R & D) 
      Reserve 
      Reserve Price 
      Residence 
      Residual Value 
      Resource Allocation 
      Resource Investigator 
      Resources 
      Respective Covenant 
      Restraint of Trade 
      Restructuring 
      Resume 
      Retail Bank 
      Retailng 
      Retained Earnings 
      Retained Profit 
      Retention Rate 
      Retirement 
      Return On Assets 
      Return On Capital Employed 
      Return on Equity (ROE) 
      Return On Investment (ROI) 
      Return On Net Assets 
      Return On Sales 
      Return on Shareholders Fund 
      Returns to Scale 
      Revaluation 
      Revaluation Reserve 
      Revans, Reg 
      Revenue 
      Reverse Engineering 
      Reverse Takeover 
      Reverse Yield Gap 
      Revolving Credit 
      Reward 
      Reward System 
      Rice Of Industry 
      Right Brain Processes 
      Right First Time 
      Rights 
      Rights Issue 
      Rightsizing 
      Ring 
      Risk Analysis 
      Risk Arbitrage 
      Risk Capital 
      Risk Premium 
      RMS 
      ROA 
      Robot 
      Robotics 
      ROCE 
      Rocket Scientist 
      ROE 
      ROI 
      Role 
      Role Playing 
      Rollout 
      RONA 
      ROS 
      Royalties 
      RPP 
      RRP 
      Rules of the Game 
      Run 
      S&L 
      S-Curve 
      SA 
      Sale And Leaseback 
      Sales 
      Sales Force 
      Sales Ledger 
      Sales Per Employee 
      Sales Per Square Foot 
      Salesforce 
      Sample 
      Samurai Bond 
      Satellite Banking 
      Satisfaction 
      Satisficing 
      Saturation Level 
      Savings & Loan (S&L) 
      SBU 
      SCAB 
      Scalar 
      Scalar Chain 
      Scale 
      Scale Firm 
      Scenario 
      Scenario Planning 
      Scenario Writing 
      Schedule 
      Schein Edgar H. 
      Schumacher, E. F. 
      Science Park 
      Scientific Management 
      Scope 
      Scorched Earth Defence 
      SDF 
      SDR 
      Search 
      Seasonal Adjustment 
      Second Mortgage 
      Secondary Brand 
      Secular Trend 
      Securitisation 
      Securitised Paper 
      Securitization 
      Security , 
      Segment 
      Segment Retreat 
      Segmental Reporting 
      Segmentation 
      Selection 
      Self-Actualisation 
      Self-Contained Group 
      Self-Financing 
      Self-Starter 
      Selfactualisation 
      Sell Into Strength 
      Seller's Market 
      Semi-Log Paper 
      Semi-Log Scale 
      Senge, Peter 
      Senior Debt 
      Seniority 
      Sensitivity Analysis 
      Sensitivity Training 
      Sequential Management 
      Sequestration 
      Service , , 
      Service Contract 
      Service-Competency Values 
      Set-up Cost 
      Settlement Day 
      Seven S 
      Sexual Harassment 
      SGR 
      Shadow Director 
      Shadow Organisation 
      Shadow Price 
      Shamrock 
      Shamrock Organisation 
      Shaper 
      Share Capital 
      Share Index 
      Share of Voice (SOV) 
      Share Options 
      Share Premium 
      Share Price Index 
      Share Split 
      Shareholder Value 
      Shareholder Wealth 
      Shareholders 
      Shareholders' Equity 
      Shareholders' Funds 
      Shares 
      Shares Issue 
      Shark Repellent 
      Shark Watcher 
      Sharks 
      Sharp end 
      Shelf Space 
      Shell 
      Shell Company 
      Ship 
      Shoenberger, Richard J. 
      Shop 
      Shopfloor 
      Shopfloor Worker 
      Short Position 
      Short Termism 
      Short Time 
      Short Time Working 
      Short-term 
      Short-term Loan 
      Shorts 
      Shrinking 
      Sick Building Syndrome 
      Side Deal 
      Silent Partner 
      Simplex Method 
      Simulation 
      Single European Market 
      Single Market 
      Single Status Firm 
      Sitting Next To Nellie 
      Situational Structures 
      Size of Firms 
      Skinner, B.F. 
      SKU 
      Sleeper 
      Sleeping Beauty 
      Sleeping Partner 
      Sloan, Alfred 
      Slot in the Brain 
      Slow-Moving Line 
      Slump 
      Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) 
      Small Firm 
      Small is Beautiful 
      Smart 
      Smart Card 
      SME 
      Smokestack Industry 
      Snip 
      Social Accounting 
      Social-Economic Group 
      Socio-Technical System (STS) 
      Soft Benefits 
      Soft Currency 
      Soft Lloan 
      Soft Option 
      Soft Value 
      Software 
      Sole Trader 
      Solus 
      Solvency 
      Sourcing 
      SOV 
      Space Management 
      Span Of Control 
      Special Device Rights (SDR) 
      Speciality 
      Speciality Goods 
      Specials 
      Specialty 
      Specialty Goods 
      Specific Risk 
      Speculation 
      Speculative Buy 
      Speder's WEB Organisation 
      Spellchek 
      Spin-Off 
      Spinoff 
      Sponsor 
      Sponsorship 
      Spot Goods 
      Spot Market 
      Spot Price 
      Spread 
      SPU 
      Square Book 
      Staff 
      Stag 
      Stagflation 
      Stakeholder Theory 
      Stakeholders 
      Stalemate 
      Stalemated Market 
      Standard Cost 
      Standard Deviation 
      Star 
      Start-Up 
      Start-up Cost 
      Steady State 
      Sticky 
      Stock 
      Stock Control 
      Stock Dividend 
      Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) 
      Stock Split  
      Stock Valuation 
      Stock-Turnover Stock-Turnover Ratio 
      Stockbroking 
      Stockholding Model 
      Stockist 
      Stockpiling 
      Stocks 
      Stocktaking 
      Stockturn 
      Stop Order 
      Stop Price 
      Straddle 
      Straight-line 
      Straight-Line Depreciation 
      Strategic Alliance 
      Strategic Business Unit (SBU) 
      Strategic Control 
      Strategic Degrees f Freedom (SDF) 
      Strategic Fit 
      Strategic Group 
      Strategic Hedging 
      Strategic Intent 
      Strategic Pentangle 
      Strategic Planning 
      Strategic Planning Unit (SPU) 
      Strategic Programming 
      Strategic Stake 
      Strategic Triangle 
      Strategic Venturing 
      Strategy 
      Stream 
      Strike Price 
      Strip 
      Strip Mall 
      Strong Follower 
      Structural Synergy 
      Structured Interview 
      STS 
      Sub-Scale 
      Sub-Scale Firm 
      Subcontracting 
      Subculture 
      Subordinated Debt 
      Subordinated Loanstock 
      Subsidiarity 
      Subsidiary 
      Subsidiary Undertaking 
      Substitution 
      Succession Planning 
      Sunk Cost 
      Sunrise Industry 
      Sunset Industry 
      Super-Star 
      Supervisor 
      Supervisory Board 
      Supplier 
      Supply Chain 
      Supply Side 
      Supply Side Economics 
      Surrender Value 
      Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) 
      Sustainable Profits 
      Swap 
      Sweating Assets 
      Sweetheart Union 
      Swing 
      Switchboard 
      Swot Analysis 
      Symbiosis 
      Synchronising Management 
      Syncronisation 
      Syndicated Loan 
      Syndicated Research 
      Synergy 
      System 
      System 
      Systematic Risk 
      Systems 
      Systems Analysis 
      Systems Thinking 
      T-Group 
      Tachistoscope 
      Taguchi Methodology 
      Take A Raincheck 
      Take-Home Pay 
      Take-Out 
      Takeover 
      Takeover Bid 
      Takeover Defence 
      Taker 
      Taking Private 
      Talent Bank 
      Talent Packager 
      Tall Organisation 
      Tangible Fixed Asset 
      Target 
      Task Culture 
      Task Force 
      Tavistock Institute 
      Tax Avoidance 
      Tax Credit 
      Tax Evasion 
      Tax Haven 
      Tax Holiday 
      Tax Loss 
      Tax Point 
      Tax Shelter 
      Taxable Income 
      Taylor, Frederick Winslow 
      Taylorism 
      Team Building 
      Team Career 
      Team Player 
      Team Worker 
      Teamwork 
      Technical Analysis 
      Technical Rally 
      Technological Obsolescence 
      Technology 
      Technology Transfer 
      eleconferencing 
      Telecommuting, Telecommuter 
      Telegrafic Transfer (TT) 
      Telemarketing 
      Telephone Selling 
      Teleprocessing 
      Telesales 
      Teleworker 
      Teller 
      Temp 
      Temporary Work 
      Ten-K 
      Tender 
      Tender Offer 
      Term 
      Term Loan 
      Terminal 
      Tertiary Brand 
      Test Marketing 
      The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) 
      The Boston Consultintg Group (BCG) 
      The Management Theory Of The Firm 
      Theory W 
      Theory X 
      Theory Y 
      Theory Z 
      Thin Market 
      Thrifts 
      Thrifts Institution 
      Throughput Time 
      Thurstone's Comparative Judgment Technique 
      Tick 
      Tied Indicator 
      Tight Money 
      Time - Span of Discretion 
      Time and Motion 
      Time and Motion Study 
      Time Deposit 
      Time Elasticity f Profitability 
      Time Management 
      Time Meneger 
      Time off in Lieu 
      Time Scale 
      Time Sharing 
      Time Sheet 
      Time to Market 
      Time-based Competition 
      Time-Out 
      Time-Series 
      Tobin Q 
      Today's Money 
      Toffler, Alvin 
      Tolerance 
      Tom Peter's New 
      Tombstone 
      Top Management 
      Tort 
      Total Assets 
      Total Quality Management (TQM) 
      Touch 
      Townsend, Robert 
      TQM 
      Tracker Fund 
      Tracking 
      Trade Association 
      Trade Buyer 
      Trade Credit 
      Trade Creditors 
      Trade Cycle 
      Trade Debtors 
      Trade Fair 
      Trade Investment 
      Trade Mark 
      Trade Price 
      Trade Union 
      Trade War 
      Trade-in 
      Trade-off 
      Trademark 
      Trades Union 
      Trading Profit 
      Trading Volume 
      Training 
      Tranche 
      Transaction 
      Transaction Costs 
      Transactional Leadership 
      Transfer Deed 
      Transfer Payment 
      Transfer Price 
      Transformation 
      Transformational Leadership 
      Translation Exposure 
      Translation Profit r Loss 
      Transnational Corporation 
      Transparency 
      Transportation Model 
      Transportation Tableau 
      Treasury 
      Trend 
      Trend Analysis 
      Trend Fitting 
      Trendy 
      Triad 
      Trial Balance 
      Triple I Organisation 
      Triple Witching Hour 
      Trist, Eric 
      Troubleshooter 
      Trough 
      True nd Fair View 
      Trunking 
      Trust 
      Trustee 
      Trusteeship 
      TT 
      Tunnel Vision 
      Turnaround 
      Turnaround Situation 
      Turnkey Project 
      Turnover 
      Twelve Month Moving Average 
      Twilight Shift 
      Tycoon 
      Type Executive 
      Type Executive 
      Type Executive 
      U-Turn 
      U- 
      Umbrella 
      Umbrella Fund 
      Umbrella Organisation 
      Unbundling 
      Uncalled Capital 
      Unconditional 
      Unconventional Competition 
      Uncovered Dividend 
      Under-Subscription 
      Undercapitalised 
      Undercut 
      Underemployment 
      Underlease 
      Underlying Operation 
      Undermanning 
      Underweight 
      Underwtriter , 
      Undifferentoated Marketing 
      Undistributed Earning 
      Undistributed Profit 
      Unearned Income 
      Unfair Competition 
      Unfair Dismissal 
      Ungeared 
      Unilateral 
      Unique Selling Point (USP) 
      Unique Selling Proposition (USP) 
      Unissued Capital 
      Unit Cost 
      Unit Labour Cost 
      Unit Trust 
      Unitary Taxation 
      Unitisation 
      Unity of Command 
      Universal Product 
      Universalism 
      Unleverage 
      Unlimited Liability 
      Unlisted Securities 
      Unlisted Securities Market 
      Unlisted Shares 
      Unsecured Creditor 
      Unsecured Loan 
      Unsocial Hours 
      Unstructured Interview 
      Unsystematic Risk 
      Up Market  
      Upgrade 
      Uplegation 
      Upmarket 
      Upside 
      Upstream 
      Upstream Integration 
      Useful Economic Life 
      User Friendly 
      USM 
      USP 
      Utilisation 
      Utility 
      VA 
      Valuation Methods 
      Value Added 
      Value Added Statement 
      Value Added Tax (VAT) 
      Value Analysis 
      Value Chain 
      Value Engineering (VE) 
      Value for Money (VFM) 
      Value Gap 
      Value Graph 
      Values 
      Vanilla 
      Variable 
      Variable Cost 
      Variable Rate 
      Variance 
      Variance Analysis 
      Variant Process Planning 
      Variation 
      Variety 
      Variety Reduction 
      VAT 
      VC 
      VE 
      Vendor Placing 
      Venture Capital (VC) 
      Venture Capitalist 
      Vertical Integration 
      Vertical Marketing System (VMS) 
      VFM 
      Vice resident 
      Vicious Circle 
      Videotext Systems 
      Violent Market-Injection Strategies 
      Virtual Corporation 
      Virtual Reality 
      Virtuous Circle 
      Vision 
      VMS 
      Vocational Guidance 
      Voluntary Arrangement 
      Voluntary Redundancy 
      Voluntary Winding-up 
      Voucher 
      Vulnerability 
      Wage Drift 
      Waiting Time 
      Wants 
      Warehouse Club 
      Warrant 
      Warranty 
      Wasting Asset 
      Waterman, Robert H Waterman Jr. 
      Wear Out Period 
      Weber, Max 
      Weighted Average 
      Weighted Average Cost f Capital 
      Weighting 
      White Collar 
      White Collar Crime 
      White Goods 
      White Knight 
      Whole Life Insurance 
      Wholesale Deposit 
      Wholesale Market 
      Wholesaler 
      Widget 
      Wildcat 
      Wildcat Strike 
      Windfall Profit 
      Winding Up 
      Window 
      Window Dressing 
      Window Guidance 
      Window of Opportunity 
      Witholding Tax 
      Work Flow 
      Work in Progress 
      Work Measurement 
      Work Sharing 
      Workaholic 
      Worker Director 
      Workfare 
      Workflow 
      Working Capital 
      Working Director 
      Workplace Bargaining 
      World Enterprise 
      Writ 
      Write Down 
      Write Off 
      Write Up 
      Written Back 
      Written Down Value 
      Wrongful Dismissal 
      Wrongful Trading 
      X-Inefficiency 
      XD 
      Xerography 
      Yankee 
      Yankee Bond 
      Yellow Goods 
      Yield 
      Yield Curve 
      Yield Gap 
      Yield to Maturity 
      Yuppie 
      Z-Chart 
      Zaibatsu 
      Zaniness 
      Zany 
      ZBB 
      Zebra 
      Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB) 
      Zero Based Production 
      Zero Defects 
      Zero- Coupon Bonds 
      Zero-sum Game 
      Zeroes 
      Zeus 
      Ziggurat 
      Zipf's Law 
      Zoning 



